Zephaniah

1Chapter

No Longer Giving God a Thought or a Prayer

1God’s Message to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah. It came during the reign of Josiah son of Amon, who was king of Judah: 2“I’m going to make a clean sweep of the earth, a thorough housecleaning.” God’s Decree.
3“Men and women and animals, including birds and fish— Anything and everything that causes sin—will go, but especially people.
4-6“I’ll start with Judah and everybody who lives in Jerusalem. I’ll sweep the place clean of every trace of the sex-and-religion Baal shrines and their priests. I’ll get rid of the people who sneak up to their rooftops at night to worship the star gods and goddesses; Also those who continue to worship God but cover their bases by worshiping other king-gods as well; Not to mention those who’ve dumped God altogether, no longer giving him a thought or offering a prayer.
7-13“Quiet now! Reverent silence before me, God, the Master! Time’s up. My Judgment Day is near: The Holy Day is all set, the invited guests made holy. On the Holy Day, God’s Judgment Day, I will punish the leaders and the royal sons; I will punish those who dress up like foreign priests and priestesses, Who introduce pagan prayers and practices; And I’ll punish all who import pagan superstitions that turn holy places into hellholes. Judgment Day!” God’s Decree! “Cries of panic from the city’s Fish Gate, Cries of terror from the city’s Second Quarter, sounds of great crashing from the hills! Wail, you shopkeepers on Market Street! Moneymaking has had its day. The god Money is dead. On Judgment Day, I’ll search through every closet and alley in Jerusalem. I’ll find and punish those who are sitting it out, fat and lazy, amusing themselves and taking it easy, Who think, ‘God doesn’t do anything, good or bad. He isn’t involved, so neither are we.’ But just wait. They’ll lose everything they have, money and house and land. They’ll build a house and never move in. They’ll plant vineyards and never taste the wine.

A Day of Darkness at Noon

14-18“The Great Judgment Day of God is almost here. It’s countdown time: . . . seven, six, five, four . . . Bitter and noisy cries on my Judgment Day, even strong men screaming for help. Judgment Day is payday—my anger paid out: a day of distress and anguish, a day of catastrophic doom, a day of darkness at noon, a day of black storm clouds, a day of bloodcurdling war cries, as forts are assaulted, as defenses are smashed. I’ll make things so bad they won’t know what hit them. They’ll walk around groping like the blind. They’ve sinned against God! Their blood will be poured out like old dishwater, their guts shoveled into slop buckets. Don’t plan on buying your way out. Your money is worthless for this. This is the Day of God’s Judgment—my wrath! I care about sin with fiery passion— A fire to burn up the corrupted world, a wildfire finish to the corrupting people.”
2Chapter

Seek God

1-2So get yourselves together. Shape up! You’re a nation without a clue about what it wants. Do it before you’re blown away like leaves in a windstorm, Before God’s Judgment-anger sweeps down on you, Before God’s Judgment Day wrath descends with full force.
3Seek God, all you quietly disciplined people who live by God’s justice. Seek God’s right ways. Seek a quiet and disciplined life. Perhaps you’ll be hidden on the Day of God’s anger.

All Earth-Made Gods Will Blow Away

4-5Gaza is scheduled for demolition, Ashdod will be cleaned out by high noon, Ekron pulled out by the roots. Doom to the seaside people, the seafaring people from Crete! The Word of God is bad news for you who settled Canaan, the Philistine country: “You’re slated for destruction— no survivors!”
6-7The lands of the seafarers will become pastureland, A country for shepherds and sheep. What’s left of the family of Judah will get it. Day after day they’ll pasture by the sea, and go home in the evening to Ashkelon to sleep. Their very own God will look out for them. He’ll make things as good as before.
8-12“I’ve heard the crude taunts of Moab, the mockeries flung by Ammon, The cruel talk they’ve used to put down my people, their self-important strutting along Israel’s borders. Therefore, as sure as I am the living God,” says God-of-the-Angel-Armies, Israel’s personal God, “Moab will become a ruin like Sodom, Ammon a ghost town like Gomorrah, One a field of rocks, the other a sterile salt flat, a moonscape forever. What’s left of my people will finish them off, will pick them clean and take over. This is what they get for their bloated pride, their taunts and mockeries of the people of God-of-the-Angel-Armies. God will be seen as truly terrible—a Holy Terror. All earth-made gods will shrivel up and blow away; And everyone, wherever they are, far or near, will fall to the ground and worship him. Also you Ethiopians, you, too, will die—I’ll see to it.”
13-15Then God will reach into the north and destroy Assyria. He will waste Nineveh, leave her dry and treeless as a desert. The ghost town of a city, the haunt of wild animals, Nineveh will be home to raccoons and coyotes— they’ll bed down in its ruins. Owls will hoot in the windows, ravens will croak in the doorways— all that fancy woodwork now a perch for birds. Can this be the famous Fun City that had it made, That boasted, “I’m the Number-One City! I’m King of the Mountain!” So why is the place deserted, a lair for wild animals? Passersby hardly give it a look; they dismiss it with a gesture.
3Chapter

Sewer City

1-5Doom to the rebellious city, the home of oppressors—Sewer City! The city that wouldn’t take advice, wouldn’t accept correction, Wouldn’t trust God, wouldn’t even get close to her own god! Her very own leaders are rapacious lions, Her judges are rapacious timber wolves out every morning prowling for a fresh kill. Her prophets are out for what they can get. They’re opportunists—you can’t trust them. Her priests desecrate the Sanctuary. They use God’s law as a weapon to maim and kill souls. Yet God remains righteous in her midst, untouched by the evil. He stays at it, day after day, meting out justice. At evening he’s still at it, strong as ever. But evil men and women, without conscience and without shame, persist in evil.
6“So I cut off the godless nations. I knocked down their defense posts, Filled her roads with rubble so no one could get through. Her cities were bombed-out ruins, unlivable and unlived in.
7“I thought, ‘Surely she’ll honor me now, accept my discipline and correction, Find a way of escape from the trouble she’s in, find relief from the punishment I’m bringing.’ But it didn’t faze her. Bright and early she was up at it again, doing the same old things.
8“Well, if that’s what you want, stick around.” God’s Decree. “Your day in court is coming, but remember I’ll be there to bring evidence. I’ll bring all the nations to the courtroom, round up all the kingdoms, And let them feel the brunt of my anger, my raging wrath. My zeal is a fire that will purge and purify the earth.

God Is in Charge at the Center

9-13“In the end I will turn things around for the people. I’ll give them a language undistorted, unpolluted, Words to address God in worship and, united, to serve me with their shoulders to the wheel. They’ll come from beyond the Ethiopian rivers, they’ll come praying— All my scattered, exiled people will come home with offerings for worship. You’ll no longer have to be ashamed of all those acts of rebellion. I’ll have gotten rid of your arrogant leaders. No more pious strutting on my holy hill! I’ll leave a core of people among you who are poor in spirit— What’s left of Israel that’s really Israel. They’ll make their home in God. This core holy people will not do wrong. They won’t lie, won’t use words to flatter or seduce. Content with who they are and where they are, unanxious, they’ll live at peace.”
14-15So sing, Daughter Zion! Raise your voices, Israel! Daughter Jerusalem, be happy! celebrate! God has reversed his judgments against you and sent your enemies off chasing their tails. From now on, God is Israel’s king, in charge at the center. There’s nothing to fear from evil ever again!

God Is Present Among You

16-17Jerusalem will be told: “Don’t be afraid. Dear Zion, don’t despair. Your God is present among you, a strong Warrior there to save you. Happy to have you back, he’ll calm you with his love and delight you with his songs.
18-20“The accumulated sorrows of your exile will dissipate. I, your God, will get rid of them for you. You’ve carried those burdens long enough. At the same time, I’ll get rid of all those who’ve made your life miserable. I’ll heal the maimed; I’ll bring home the homeless. In the very countries where they were hated they will be venerated. On Judgment Day I’ll bring you back home—a great family gathering! You’ll be famous and honored all over the world. You’ll see it with your own eyes— all those painful partings turned into reunions!” God’s Promise.
Study
Chapter 3
CSB

Joy is the serious business of heaven.

—C. S. Lewis

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Jerusalem. God’s people cannot think that they will emerge unscathed on the day of the Lord. If they sin (vv. 1–4) and are shameless (v. 5), they are also held accountable, especially if they lack repentance (vv. 6–7).

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The city is now described as defiled and oppressing. It has become ritually polluted (Isa. 59:3; Mal. 1:7) through sins of idolatry and covenant breaking. Rather than showing care, the city has become brutal and overbearing (Jer. 25:38).

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Among those who should lead the city aright, but have in fact turned against her, are its officials, the civil authorities (1:8; 1 Chron. 28:1), and judges, those in charge of settling legal disputes (Ex. 18:13, 22). Instead of showing benevolence, these leaders were acting as roaring lions, ferocious beasts possessing great power, about to seize prey (Amos 3:4), and as evening (or desert) wolves, known for their ravenous appetite (Gen. 49:27). Leaders, rather than guarding their flock, devour it.

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Religious officials are also condemned, including the prophets. Rather than being speakers of God’s sure word, they speak their own fickle (cf. Gen. 49:4, where “unstable” is the same Hb. word) and even treacherous words (cf. Jer. 3:20). Priests have two roles, and have failed in both. First, they are to help purify sinners through presenting their offerings before God (Leviticus 1–7), but instead they make them profane, unsuitable to be in God’s holy presence (Lev. 10:10; 19:8). Second, they are to teach life under the law (Lev. 10:11; Deut. 17:8–13; 33:10), but instead they do violence (Ezek. 22:26), leading others to do the same.

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Unlike the human leaders, God perpetually shows that he is righteous in not breaking the law (Ezek. 18:5–9) and shows forth his justice in seeing that all receive fair treatment (cf. Ex. 23:6).

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God calls the city to fear, not in panic but in respectful awe at his power (2:11; Ex. 14:31). This is further defined as willingness to accept correction (contrast Zeph. 3:2 as well as Jer. 2:30; 5:3), learning from God’s reproof in renewed obedience and showing the fear of God in action (Prov. 10:17). If they were to do this, they would not experience God’s judgment: your dwelling would not be cut off.

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Summary. The section concludes with a return to worldwide judgment. The people are called to wait for God, not for possible blessing (Isa. 30:18) but rather for his coming judgment. But this time it will not be against Judah itself, since he will gather (Zeph. 3:18–20) all nations of the earth for their judgment.

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Anticipation of Hope. God the judge is also God the gracious. He intends that the nations should turn to him (vv. 9–10), as well as his own people (vv. 11–13). This will cause rejoicing (vv. 14–17), not least because God alone has accomplished salvation (vv. 18–20).

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Conversion of the Nations. God the judge also purifies and calls the distant ones to himself.

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In that day, God will alter the speech (or lips) of the peoples gathered to be punished (Isa. 6:5–7). The nations had polluted speech, worshiping pagan gods, but now they will have pure speech (cf. Ps. 24:4), cleansed to call upon the name of the LORD in worship (Gen. 4:26). (Some have suggested that this may also allude to the reversal of the Babel syndrome in Gen. 11:1–9.) Worship is not only through word but also through deed, since the nations will serve him. The term ‘abad (“work, serve”) designates obedient work for God (Mal. 3:14). This service is universal, done by all, and unanimous, “with one accord” (cf. 1 Kings 22:13).

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The Israelite exiles will be restored to their place from beyond the rivers of Cush (1:1; 2:12; Isa. 18:1) or Ethiopia. These rivers are the Blue and White Nile. “Beyond the river” more often has an eastward orientation, and it can refer to Assyria (Isa. 7:20), as can Cush (Gen. 10:6–8; see Zeph. 2:12–13). These true worshipers will now move toward Jerusalem, whether from east or west.

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Judah’s Return. Not ignoring their sin, God speaks of the removal of impurity from Jerusalem so that his people might be restored.

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Jerusalem’s shame (Isa. 1:29; 54:4) is over, even though it was deserved because of the people’s godless deeds (Zeph. 3:1–4, 7). They had rebelled, flagrantly and purposefully turning against what they knew was right (Hos. 8:1). They were dominated by proudly exultant ones, complacent, wealthy people (Zeph. 1:8–13) who, in being haughty (Isa. 3:16), thought they were self-sufficient, needing nothing from God. Ironically, this contempt was shown in God’s earthly dwelling place, his holy mountain, Zion (Obad. 16), the site of the temple.

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God will especially provide a place for the humble and lowly (2:3) who, unlike the arrogant (3:11), know that they are in need. They not only call on God’s name (v. 9) but also seek refuge in his name (see the same term in Isa. 57:13; Nah. 1:7).

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Previous sins among God’s people—injustice (v. 5), lying (Ezek. 13:6–9), and a deceitful tongue giving words that are not from God (Jer. 14:14)—will be among them no longer.

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Joyful Song. As in the Psalms, people even in the throes of suffering are called to worship and give thanks for their anticipated salvation.

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The defiled city and nation (v. 1) is raised up by being again called the beloved daughter of Zion (Isa. 62:11). Zion is an alternative name for Jerusalem, the city of David (2 Sam. 5:7) and home of the temple (Ps. 9:11; 76:2). Jerusalem’s inhabitants are called Israel since, now that the northern, Israelite tribes are in exile, Judah and its capital, Jerusalem, are the only remaining people who can bear this name as descendants of the first Israel (Jacob; Gen. 28:10–15; 32:28).

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Rejoicing is appropriate because of the presence of the real King of Israel, God, among his people. The human kings of Israel and Judah served only as representatives of Israel’s true monarch, who here blesses with his presence those who repent and return to him. He is not powerless, as some had claimed (1:12).

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When frightened or dismayed, literally one’s hands grow weak (Isa. 13:7; Jer. 6:24). Since God is now present and in control, this will not happen.

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The previously weakened nation is in the presence of the mighty one (Deut. 10:17; Ps. 24:8; Isa. 10:21; 42:13), God himself, who, unlike human warriors and heroes (Zeph. 1:14), does not lose heart. Instead of fleeing in the face of danger, God can save his people from it (Ex. 14:30). This verse remarkably adds that God himself will rejoice over you with gladness, indicating that when God’s people seek him and follow him (Zeph. 3:12–13), and rejoice in him and trust him (vv. 14–16), then God personally delights in them. This is not an aloof, emotionless contentment, but it bursts forth in joyful divine celebration: he will exult over you with loud singing.

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God’s Promised Restoration. Joy is increased through the increased promised blessings from God.

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This verse is very obscure, with numerous translations suggested. This version suggests that those Judean sinners who had been unable to join in the festival celebrations that were reserved for God’s righteous people (see Numbers 28–29) are now able to do so once again.

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God will act on behalf of all his flock who suffered under exile, taking steps to save the lame (Mic. 4:6–7) like a shepherd. Also, the exiles, like outcast, scattered animals (Deut. 22:1; 30:4; John 11:52), will no longer suffer shame at their plight but will rejoice that it is over.

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God’s far-flung people will face restoration at the hand of their King. Instead of being justifiably shamed for their sin, they will be renowned and praised (Deut. 26:19) because of the gracious salvation of God.