Joel

1Chapter

Get in Touch with Reality—and Weep!

1-3Attention, elder statesmen! Listen closely, everyone, whoever and wherever you are! Have you ever heard of anything like this? Has anything like this ever happened before—ever? Make sure you tell your children, and your children tell their children, And their children their children. Don’t let this message die out.
4What the chewing locust left, the gobbling locust ate; What the gobbling locust left, the munching locust ate; What the munching locust left, the chomping locust ate.
5-7Sober up, you drunks! Get in touch with reality—and weep! Your supply of booze is cut off. You’re on the wagon, like it or not. My country’s being invaded by an army invincible, past numbering, Teeth like those of a lion, fangs like those of a tiger. It has ruined my vineyards, stripped my orchards, And clear-cut the country. The landscape’s a moonscape.
8-10Weep like a young virgin dressed in black, mourning the loss of her fiancé. Without grain and grapes, worship has been brought to a standstill in the Sanctuary of God. The priests are at a loss. God’s ministers don’t know what to do. The fields are sterile. The very ground grieves. The wheat fields are lifeless, vineyards dried up, olive oil gone.
11-12Dirt farmers, despair! Grape growers, wring your hands! Lament the loss of wheat and barley. All crops have failed. Vineyards dried up, fig trees withered, Pomegranates, date palms, and apple trees— deadwood everywhere! And joy is dried up and withered in the hearts of the people.

Nothing’s Going On in the Place of Worship

13-14And also you priests, put on your robes and join the outcry. You who lead people in worship, lead them in lament. Spend the night dressed in gunnysacks, you servants of my God. Nothing’s going on in the place of worship, no offerings, no prayers—nothing. Declare a holy fast, call a special meeting, get the leaders together, Round up everyone in the country. Get them into God’s Sanctuary for serious prayer to God.
15-18What a day! Doomsday! God’s Judgment Day has come. The Strong God has arrived. This is serious business! Food is just a memory at our tables, as are joy and singing from God’s Sanctuary. The seeds in the field are dead, barns deserted, Grain silos abandoned. Who needs them? The crops have failed! The farm animals groan—oh, how they groan! The cattle mill around. There’s nothing for them to eat. Not even the sheep find anything.
19-20God! I pray, I cry out to you! The fields are burning up, The country is a dust bowl, forest and prairie fires rage unchecked. Wild animals, dying of thirst, look to you for a drink. Springs and streams are dried up. The whole country is burning up.
2Chapter

The Locust Army

1-3Blow the ram’s horn trumpet in Zion! Trumpet the alarm on my holy mountain! Shake the country up! God’s Judgment’s on its way—the Day’s almost here! A black day! A Doomsday! Clouds with no silver lining! Like dawn light moving over the mountains, a huge army is coming. There’s never been anything like it and never will be again. Wildfire burns everything before this army and fire licks up everything in its wake. Before it arrives, the country is like the Garden of Eden. When it leaves, it is Death Valley. Nothing escapes unscathed.
4-6The locust army seems all horses— galloping horses, an army of horses. It sounds like thunder leaping on mountain ridges, Or like the roar of wildfire through grass and brush, Or like an invincible army shouting for blood, ready to fight, straining at the bit. At the sight of this army, the people panic, faces white with terror.
7-11The invaders charge. They climb barricades. Nothing stops them. Each soldier does what he’s told, so disciplined, so determined. They don’t get in each other’s way. Each one knows his job and does it. Undaunted and fearless, unswerving, unstoppable. They storm the city, swarm its defenses, Loot the houses, breaking down doors, smashing windows. They arrive like an earthquake, sweep through like a tornado. Sun and moon turn out their lights, stars black out. God himself bellows in thunder as he commands his forces. Look at the size of that army! And the strength of those who obey him! God’s Judgment Day—great and terrible. Who can possibly survive this?

Change Your Life

12But there’s also this, it’s not too late— God’s personal Message!— “Come back to me and really mean it! Come fasting and weeping, sorry for your sins!”
13-14Change your life, not just your clothes. Come back to God, your God. And here’s why: God is kind and merciful. He takes a deep breath, puts up with a lot, This most patient God, extravagant in love, always ready to cancel catastrophe. Who knows? Maybe he’ll do it now, maybe he’ll turn around and show pity. Maybe, when all’s said and done, there’ll be blessings full and robust for your God!
15-17Blow the ram’s horn trumpet in Zion! Declare a day of repentance, a holy fast day. Call a public meeting. Get everyone there. Consecrate the congregation. Make sure the elders come, but bring in the children, too, even the nursing babies, Even men and women on their honeymoon— interrupt them and get them there. Between Sanctuary entrance and altar, let the priests, God’s servants, weep tears of repentance. Let them intercede: “Have mercy, God, on your people! Don’t abandon your heritage to contempt. Don’t let the pagans take over and rule them and sneer, ‘And so where is this God of theirs?’”
18-20At that, God went into action to get his land back. He took pity on his people. God answered and spoke to his people, “Look, listen—I’m sending a gift: Grain and wine and olive oil. The fast is over—eat your fill! I won’t expose you any longer to contempt among the pagans. I’ll head off the final enemy coming out of the north and dump them in a wasteland. Half of them will end up in the Dead Sea, the other half in the Mediterranean. There they’ll rot, a stench to high heaven. The bigger the enemy, the stronger the stench!”

The Trees Are Bearing Fruit Again

21-24Fear not, Earth! Be glad and celebrate! God has done great things. Fear not, wild animals! The fields and meadows are greening up. The trees are bearing fruit again: a bumper crop of fig trees and vines! Children of Zion, celebrate! Be glad in your God. He’s giving you a teacher to train you how to live right— Teaching, like rain out of heaven, showers of words to refresh and nourish your soul, just as he used to do. And plenty of food for your body—silos full of grain, casks of wine and barrels of olive oil.
25-27“I’ll make up for the years of the locust, the great locust devastation— Locusts savage, locusts deadly, fierce locusts, locusts of doom, That great locust invasion I sent your way. You’ll eat your fill of good food. You’ll be full of praises to your God, The God who has set you back on your heels in wonder. Never again will my people be despised. You’ll know without question that I’m in the thick of life with Israel, That I’m your God, yes, your God, the one and only real God. Never again will my people be despised.

The Sun Turning Black and the Moon Blood-Red

28-32“I will pour out my Spirit on every kind of people: Your sons will prophesy, also your daughters. Your old men will dream, your young men will see visions. I’ll even pour out my Spirit on the servants, men and women both. I’ll set wonders in the sky above and signs on the earth below: Blood and fire and billowing smoke, the sun turning black and the moon blood-red, Before the Judgment Day of God, the Day tremendous and awesome. Whoever calls, ‘Help, God!’ gets help. On Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be a great rescue—just as God said. Included in the survivors are those that God calls.”
3Chapter

God Is a Safe Hiding Place

1-3“In those days, yes, at that very time when I put life back together again for Judah and Jerusalem, I’ll assemble all the godless nations. I’ll lead them down into Judgment Valley And put them all on trial, and judge them one and all because of their treatment of my own people Israel. They scattered my people all over the pagan world and grabbed my land for themselves. They threw dice for my people and used them for barter. They would trade a boy for a whore, sell a girl for a bottle of wine when they wanted a drink.
4-8“As for you, Tyre and Sidon and Philistia, why should I bother with you? Are you trying to get back at me for something I did to you? If you are, forget it. I’ll see to it that it boomerangs on you. You robbed me, cleaned me out of silver and gold, carted off everything valuable to furnish your own temples. You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem into slavery to the Greeks in faraway places. But I’m going to reverse your crime. I’m going to free those slaves. I’ll have done to you what you did to them: I’ll sell your children as slaves to your neighbors, And they’ll sell them to the far-off Sabeans.” God’s Verdict.
9-11Announce this to the godless nations: Prepare for battle! Soldiers at attention! Present arms! Advance! Turn your shovels into swords, turn your hoes into spears. Let the weak one throw out his chest and say, “I’m tough, I’m a fighter.” Hurry up, pagans! Wherever you are, get a move on! Get your act together. Prepare to be shattered by God!
12Let the pagan nations set out for Judgment Valley. There I’ll take my place at the bench and judge all the surrounding nations.
13“Swing the sickle— the harvest is ready. Stomp on the grapes— the winepress is full. The wine vats are full, overflowing with vintage evil.
14“Mass confusion, mob uproar— in Decision Valley! God’s Judgment Day has arrived in Decision Valley.
15-17“The sky turns black, sun and moon go dark, stars burn out. God roars from Zion, shouts from Jerusalem. Earth and sky quake in terror. But God is a safe hiding place, a granite safe house for the children of Israel. Then you’ll know for sure that I’m your God, Living in Zion, my sacred mountain. Jerusalem will be a sacred city, posted: ‘no trespassing.’

Milk Rivering out of the Hills

18-21“What a day! Wine streaming off the mountains, Milk rivering out of the hills, water flowing everywhere in Judah, A fountain pouring out of God’s Sanctuary, watering all the parks and gardens! But Egypt will be reduced to weeds in a vacant lot, Edom turned into barren badlands, All because of brutalities to the Judean people, the atrocities and murders of helpless innocents. Meanwhile, Judah will be filled with people, Jerusalem inhabited forever. The sins I haven’t already forgiven, I’ll forgive.” God has moved into Zion for good.
Study
Chapter 3
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Judgment: The Lord’s Judgment against the Nations and His Dwelling with His People. The Lord provides reasons for judgment (vv. 1–8), a description of judgment on the day of the Lord that will be their climax (vv. 9–16), and the certainty of the Lord’s dwelling with his people (vv. 17–21).

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in those days. This generic reference recalls the events of 2:28–32 and particularly the day of the Lord (Jer. 33:15; 50:4, 20).

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all the nations. That is, all oppressors of God’s people (cf. Ps. 110:6; Isa. 66:18; Jer. 25:31; Ezek. 39:21; Mic. 4:11–12; Zeph. 3:8). Valley of Jehoshaphat (“Yahweh has judged”) refers to a place of final judgment rather than a known geographical location. Scattered refers to deportation associated with exile.

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cast lots for my people. In order to take them away as slaves. See Obad. 11.

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As if in a courtroom, the Lord brings the questions, charges, and verdict directly to specific nations.

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Tyre and Sidon were Phoenician cities along the Mediterranean coast. Relations between Israel and Phoenicia were occasionally good (cf. 1 Kings 5:1), but sometimes Phoenicia was a polluting influence (1 Kings 16:31). Philistia, on the other hand, was a longtime enemy of Israel (Jer. 47:4). I will return your payment. Restoration for God’s people becomes God’s recompense against the nations. Cf. “restore” in Joel 3:1—the same Hebrew verb as “return” in v. 4.

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sold … to the Greeks. The Hebrew, hayyewanim (“Javan”; see Gen. 10:2; 1 Chron. 1:7; Isa. 66:19), refers to Greek-speakers on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Both the Philistines and the Phoenicians are accused of selling slaves to the Edomites (Amos 1:6–9). Slave trade between Tyre and Javan is mentioned in Ezek. 27:13.

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stir them up. Cf. vv. 9, 12. The enslaved (people of Judah) will become the enslavers. Sidon was destroyed by Artaxerxes III in 343 B.C., and resistant Tyre was defeated by Alexander the Great in 332. Sabeans. Most commentators identify this people as inhabitants of the land of Sheba or Saba located in far away southern Arabia (1 Kings 10:1–13; Job 1:15).

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Consecrate. (Cf. 1:14; 2:15.) Warriors were to seek the will of their deity prior to military engagement (e.g., Judg. 20:19–28). Some commentators view this as an ironic statement: the nations are told to consecrate themselves for war, unaware that the Lord of heaven and earth is their adversary (Isa. 8:9–10; Jer. 46:9–10).

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Beat your plowshares into swords. This is the reverse of Isa. 2:4 and Mic. 4:3. The warfare preparation is so comprehensive that implements of agriculture must be transformed into weapons of warfare. the weak. The great need for soldiers means that even those unfit for battle must become warriors.

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sit to judge. The connection between the place (Valley of Jehoshaphat) and the action of the Lord (judgment) is made explicit. The irony of v. 9 is apparent as there is no battle, only the Lord’s verdict upon surrounding nations (v. 11).

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Lack of harvest due to the locusts (1:11) is now a full harvest of the gathered nations cut with a sickle like grain (Isa. 17:4–5; Jer. 9:22; 51:33; Mic. 4:11–12). winepress … vats. The evil of the nations is so great that the vats of judgment are overflowing (Isa. 63:1–6; Rev. 14:14–20). This is an ironic reversal of the promise of Joel 2:24 that the threshing floors and wine vats would be full!

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Multitudes, multitudes is a picture of all the people of the world standing before the Lord for judgment. valley of decision. This is the Valley of Jehoshaphat (vv. 2, 12), where the Lord will be the judge. Only the Lord makes decisions in this valley, and his decree is absolute. the day of the LORD is near. While the day was near for Israel (1:15; 2:1), the Lord’s covenant love and the people’s repentance halted his judgment.

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darkened. See note on 2:10.

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roars … utters his voice. Cf. Amos 1:2. God thunders as he engages the battle (Jer. 25:30–31; Joel 2:11 and note). refuge. Cf. Ps. 73:28; 91:2, 9. stronghold. Cf. Ps. 27:1; 37:39; Isa. 25:4. Amid the cosmic and military confusion, the people of God are held secure and spared destruction.

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you shall know that I am the LORD your God. Judgment and salvation lead to knowledge of the covenant Lord, his presence, and the removal of the people’s shame (see 2:27). Zion (cf. 3:21) is the original stronghold (see note on 2:1); here it denotes the promise of God’s intimate residence among his people (cf. Rev. 21:3). strangers. Those who do not worship the Lord. Jerusalem shall be holy. Where God is present, all is purified and even ordinary deeds become acts of holy worship. Nothing unacceptable is found in a place of such holiness (cf. Isa. 35:8; 52:1; Nah. 1:15; Zech. 14:21).

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in that day. I.e., the day of the Lord (2:2; 3:1). wine … milk … water. (Cf. Amos 9:13.) This and other descriptions of God’s provision (Joel 2:19, 22–26) recall the earlier scarcity (1:5, 9, 12, 16–20). a fountain … from the house of the LORD. Cf. Ezek. 47:1–13; Zech. 14:8; Rev. 22:1–2. Abundant waters extend even to the arid-dwelling acacia trees (Shittim). The location of this “fountain” may be Wadi en-Nar, extending from the Kidron Valley to the Dead Sea.

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The restoration of God’s people (v. 18) is contrasted with the judgment upon the nations (2:19–20; 3:1–3). Egypt and Edom were ancient adversaries representing all of those opposed to the people of God (cf. 1 Kings 14:25–26; 2 Kings 23:29–34; Isa. 34:5–17; Obad. 1–21). Desolation was prophesied against Egypt (Ezek. 29:10, 12; 32:15) and Edom (Ezek. 35:3, 4, 7, 9, 14, 15). shed. The nations “poured out” (Hb. shapak) blood but the Lord will “pour out” (Hb. shapak) his Spirit (Joel 2:28–29).

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The Lord’s residence in Zion (vv. 17, 21) coincides with that of his people living in unending security.

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The first two lines are difficult to interpret; God will either avenge what he has not avenged (esv text), or “acquit” what he has “not acquitted” (esv footnote). The context seems to favor the esv text. their blood. This is a comment on the “innocent blood” of the Judeans in v. 19. The verse brings together the two primary themes of Joel: judgment on the day of the Lord, and the fact that the Lord dwells in Zion (2:27; 3:17).