Joel

1Chapter

Get in Touch with Reality—and Weep!

1-3Attention, elder statesmen! Listen closely, everyone, whoever and wherever you are! Have you ever heard of anything like this? Has anything like this ever happened before—ever? Make sure you tell your children, and your children tell their children, And their children their children. Don’t let this message die out.
4What the chewing locust left, the gobbling locust ate; What the gobbling locust left, the munching locust ate; What the munching locust left, the chomping locust ate.
5-7Sober up, you drunks! Get in touch with reality—and weep! Your supply of booze is cut off. You’re on the wagon, like it or not. My country’s being invaded by an army invincible, past numbering, Teeth like those of a lion, fangs like those of a tiger. It has ruined my vineyards, stripped my orchards, And clear-cut the country. The landscape’s a moonscape.
8-10Weep like a young virgin dressed in black, mourning the loss of her fiancé. Without grain and grapes, worship has been brought to a standstill in the Sanctuary of God. The priests are at a loss. God’s ministers don’t know what to do. The fields are sterile. The very ground grieves. The wheat fields are lifeless, vineyards dried up, olive oil gone.
11-12Dirt farmers, despair! Grape growers, wring your hands! Lament the loss of wheat and barley. All crops have failed. Vineyards dried up, fig trees withered, Pomegranates, date palms, and apple trees— deadwood everywhere! And joy is dried up and withered in the hearts of the people.

Nothing’s Going On in the Place of Worship

13-14And also you priests, put on your robes and join the outcry. You who lead people in worship, lead them in lament. Spend the night dressed in gunnysacks, you servants of my God. Nothing’s going on in the place of worship, no offerings, no prayers—nothing. Declare a holy fast, call a special meeting, get the leaders together, Round up everyone in the country. Get them into God’s Sanctuary for serious prayer to God.
15-18What a day! Doomsday! God’s Judgment Day has come. The Strong God has arrived. This is serious business! Food is just a memory at our tables, as are joy and singing from God’s Sanctuary. The seeds in the field are dead, barns deserted, Grain silos abandoned. Who needs them? The crops have failed! The farm animals groan—oh, how they groan! The cattle mill around. There’s nothing for them to eat. Not even the sheep find anything.
19-20God! I pray, I cry out to you! The fields are burning up, The country is a dust bowl, forest and prairie fires rage unchecked. Wild animals, dying of thirst, look to you for a drink. Springs and streams are dried up. The whole country is burning up.
2Chapter

The Locust Army

1-3Blow the ram’s horn trumpet in Zion! Trumpet the alarm on my holy mountain! Shake the country up! God’s Judgment’s on its way—the Day’s almost here! A black day! A Doomsday! Clouds with no silver lining! Like dawn light moving over the mountains, a huge army is coming. There’s never been anything like it and never will be again. Wildfire burns everything before this army and fire licks up everything in its wake. Before it arrives, the country is like the Garden of Eden. When it leaves, it is Death Valley. Nothing escapes unscathed.
4-6The locust army seems all horses— galloping horses, an army of horses. It sounds like thunder leaping on mountain ridges, Or like the roar of wildfire through grass and brush, Or like an invincible army shouting for blood, ready to fight, straining at the bit. At the sight of this army, the people panic, faces white with terror.
7-11The invaders charge. They climb barricades. Nothing stops them. Each soldier does what he’s told, so disciplined, so determined. They don’t get in each other’s way. Each one knows his job and does it. Undaunted and fearless, unswerving, unstoppable. They storm the city, swarm its defenses, Loot the houses, breaking down doors, smashing windows. They arrive like an earthquake, sweep through like a tornado. Sun and moon turn out their lights, stars black out. God himself bellows in thunder as he commands his forces. Look at the size of that army! And the strength of those who obey him! God’s Judgment Day—great and terrible. Who can possibly survive this?

Change Your Life

12But there’s also this, it’s not too late— God’s personal Message!— “Come back to me and really mean it! Come fasting and weeping, sorry for your sins!”
13-14Change your life, not just your clothes. Come back to God, your God. And here’s why: God is kind and merciful. He takes a deep breath, puts up with a lot, This most patient God, extravagant in love, always ready to cancel catastrophe. Who knows? Maybe he’ll do it now, maybe he’ll turn around and show pity. Maybe, when all’s said and done, there’ll be blessings full and robust for your God!
15-17Blow the ram’s horn trumpet in Zion! Declare a day of repentance, a holy fast day. Call a public meeting. Get everyone there. Consecrate the congregation. Make sure the elders come, but bring in the children, too, even the nursing babies, Even men and women on their honeymoon— interrupt them and get them there. Between Sanctuary entrance and altar, let the priests, God’s servants, weep tears of repentance. Let them intercede: “Have mercy, God, on your people! Don’t abandon your heritage to contempt. Don’t let the pagans take over and rule them and sneer, ‘And so where is this God of theirs?’”
18-20At that, God went into action to get his land back. He took pity on his people. God answered and spoke to his people, “Look, listen—I’m sending a gift: Grain and wine and olive oil. The fast is over—eat your fill! I won’t expose you any longer to contempt among the pagans. I’ll head off the final enemy coming out of the north and dump them in a wasteland. Half of them will end up in the Dead Sea, the other half in the Mediterranean. There they’ll rot, a stench to high heaven. The bigger the enemy, the stronger the stench!”

The Trees Are Bearing Fruit Again

21-24Fear not, Earth! Be glad and celebrate! God has done great things. Fear not, wild animals! The fields and meadows are greening up. The trees are bearing fruit again: a bumper crop of fig trees and vines! Children of Zion, celebrate! Be glad in your God. He’s giving you a teacher to train you how to live right— Teaching, like rain out of heaven, showers of words to refresh and nourish your soul, just as he used to do. And plenty of food for your body—silos full of grain, casks of wine and barrels of olive oil.
25-27“I’ll make up for the years of the locust, the great locust devastation— Locusts savage, locusts deadly, fierce locusts, locusts of doom, That great locust invasion I sent your way. You’ll eat your fill of good food. You’ll be full of praises to your God, The God who has set you back on your heels in wonder. Never again will my people be despised. You’ll know without question that I’m in the thick of life with Israel, That I’m your God, yes, your God, the one and only real God. Never again will my people be despised.

The Sun Turning Black and the Moon Blood-Red

28-32“I will pour out my Spirit on every kind of people: Your sons will prophesy, also your daughters. Your old men will dream, your young men will see visions. I’ll even pour out my Spirit on the servants, men and women both. I’ll set wonders in the sky above and signs on the earth below: Blood and fire and billowing smoke, the sun turning black and the moon blood-red, Before the Judgment Day of God, the Day tremendous and awesome. Whoever calls, ‘Help, God!’ gets help. On Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be a great rescue—just as God said. Included in the survivors are those that God calls.”
3Chapter

God Is a Safe Hiding Place

1-3“In those days, yes, at that very time when I put life back together again for Judah and Jerusalem, I’ll assemble all the godless nations. I’ll lead them down into Judgment Valley And put them all on trial, and judge them one and all because of their treatment of my own people Israel. They scattered my people all over the pagan world and grabbed my land for themselves. They threw dice for my people and used them for barter. They would trade a boy for a whore, sell a girl for a bottle of wine when they wanted a drink.
4-8“As for you, Tyre and Sidon and Philistia, why should I bother with you? Are you trying to get back at me for something I did to you? If you are, forget it. I’ll see to it that it boomerangs on you. You robbed me, cleaned me out of silver and gold, carted off everything valuable to furnish your own temples. You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem into slavery to the Greeks in faraway places. But I’m going to reverse your crime. I’m going to free those slaves. I’ll have done to you what you did to them: I’ll sell your children as slaves to your neighbors, And they’ll sell them to the far-off Sabeans.” God’s Verdict.
9-11Announce this to the godless nations: Prepare for battle! Soldiers at attention! Present arms! Advance! Turn your shovels into swords, turn your hoes into spears. Let the weak one throw out his chest and say, “I’m tough, I’m a fighter.” Hurry up, pagans! Wherever you are, get a move on! Get your act together. Prepare to be shattered by God!
12Let the pagan nations set out for Judgment Valley. There I’ll take my place at the bench and judge all the surrounding nations.
13“Swing the sickle— the harvest is ready. Stomp on the grapes— the winepress is full. The wine vats are full, overflowing with vintage evil.
14“Mass confusion, mob uproar— in Decision Valley! God’s Judgment Day has arrived in Decision Valley.
15-17“The sky turns black, sun and moon go dark, stars burn out. God roars from Zion, shouts from Jerusalem. Earth and sky quake in terror. But God is a safe hiding place, a granite safe house for the children of Israel. Then you’ll know for sure that I’m your God, Living in Zion, my sacred mountain. Jerusalem will be a sacred city, posted: ‘no trespassing.’

Milk Rivering out of the Hills

18-21“What a day! Wine streaming off the mountains, Milk rivering out of the hills, water flowing everywhere in Judah, A fountain pouring out of God’s Sanctuary, watering all the parks and gardens! But Egypt will be reduced to weeds in a vacant lot, Edom turned into barren badlands, All because of brutalities to the Judean people, the atrocities and murders of helpless innocents. Meanwhile, Judah will be filled with people, Jerusalem inhabited forever. The sins I haven’t already forgiven, I’ll forgive.” God has moved into Zion for good.
Study
Chapter 1
ESV

The Judgment against Judah and the Day of the Lord. This first part of Joel introduces the Lord’s judgment in the form of a locust infestation, drought, and the coming of a great army. These events on the “day of the LORD” are followed by a call to seek the Lord.

ESV

Locust Invasion: Forerunner of the Day of the Lord. The first unit (vv. 1–14) describes the devastation that has come upon Judah, providing the reason for the call to lament in the second unit (vv. 15–20).

ESV

The word … came to. (See Hos. 1:1; Jonah 1:1; Mic. 1:1; Zeph. 1:1; Zech. 1:1.) This message has a divine source, and the prophet is given the privilege and responsibility of bearing that message to his hearers.

ESV

Elders (see v. 14; 2:16) likely refers to older members of the community rather than a formal office (cf. 2:28; but see also note on 1 Sam. 4:3). Commands are imparted to a wide range of groups (elders, drunkards, priests, farmers) within the community. Verses 2 and 14 of Joel 1 set limits for the first subsection (vv. 2–14) as each mentions “elders” and all inhabitants.

ESV

Tell your children. The people of Judah should recount this to four generations (cf. Ex. 10:1–2, 4–6). The telling of the Lord’s great deeds and words occurs in the context of the covenant community (Ex. 13:8, 14; Deut. 4:9; 6:4–7, 20–21; Ps. 78:4–6).

ESV

The locust is a kind of grasshopper; under the right conditions they travel in large swarms and devastate all plant life in their path. cutting … swarming … hopping … destroying. Joel likely uses these terms as names for one kind of locust (perhaps in successive swarms), rather than four different types, in order to emphasize the totality of destruction (note the different sequence in 2:25). The Bible often uses four agents of destruction to stress utter devastation (cf. Jer. 15:2–3; Ezek. 14:21; Rev. 6:1–8; 9:15).

ESV

drunkards, drinkers of wine. Both groups, unaware of the coming chaos, must be aroused from their ignorance. They will have no sweet wine to drink when the locusts lay waste to the vines. Sweet wine was intoxicating, though its shorter fermentation time made it less so than wine fermented for a longer period.

ESV

Locusts are compared to a nation, equivalent to a great army (cf. Prov. 30:27; Jer. 5:15–17; Joel 2:25; Rev. 9:7). Armies are compared to locusts elsewhere in the OT (Judg. 6:5; 7:12; Isa. 33:4; Jer. 46:23; 51:14, 27) and other ancient Near Eastern texts.

ESV

The vine and fig tree are symbols of a prosperous and peaceful life for Israel (2 Kings 18:31; Mic. 4:4), which the Lord sees as his property. With the destruction of vine and fig tree, the validity of the “lions’ teeth” metaphor (Joel 1:6) becomes clear.

ESV

bridegroom of her youth. Or, “husband of her youth.” The people are called to a grief as deep as that of a betrothed virgin whose promised husband dies before the marriage is consummated. sackcloth. A garment of goat or camel hair worn during times of mourning, repentance, or fasting.

ESV

offering. Nothing is left for the offerings that accompany the daily burnt offering (Ex. 29:38–42; Lev. 23:13). priests mourn. Their loss is personal since they ate a portion of the offering.

ESV

ground mourns … oil languishes. Joel poetically personifies these things as experiencing grief. The presence of grain, wine, and oil is evidence of God’s covenant blessing (Deut. 7:13; 11:14; Joel 2:19, 24), and their absence is evidence of God’s judgment (Deut. 28:49–51; Hos. 2:8–9).

ESV

Be ashamed (Hb. hobishu) sounds like dries up (Hb. hobish, used to say that “wine dries up” in v. 10 and “gladness dries up” in v. 12; also Hb. hobishah, used to say the “vine dries up” in v. 12). The loss of harvest means a loss of joy.

ESV

This is the peak of this section, filled with specific commands to priests. The commands to put on and lament mimic the actions of the virgin (v. 8). The reason for the priests’ lament is that the offering is withheld.

ESV

Consecrate and gather are further tasks for the priests. a fast … cry out. OT fasts are undertaken as a sign of mourning, repentance, humility, and as a means of seeking God’s help, guidance, or forgiveness (Judg. 20:26; 1 Sam. 7:6; 2 Sam. 1:12; Ezra 8:21–23; Neh. 1:4; 9:1; Dan. 9:3).

CSB

Joel had a terrifying view of what he called “the day of the LORD.” He used terms like “Woe!” and “great and terrible” (2:31) to describe it. The expression “day of the LORD” is known from other prophets. Amos may have been the first to use it. He spoke of a time that the Israelites longed for without realizing its negative consequences for them. Apparently they thought it would be a time of “light” and “brightness,” whereas actually it was to be “darkness” and “gloom” (see note on Am 5:18-24). Both Joel and Amos mention a time of restoration after a period of judgment (Jl 3; Am 9), so that some will be saved from God’s wrath. Joel emphasized the salvation aspect with his proclamation that “everyone who calls on the name of LORD will be saved” (2:32).

For Joel the locust plague was so severe that he compared it to the coming day of the Lord. Only complete repentance on the part of the people could give the nation any hope that the Lord might turn back from the judgment it represented. The plague could bring about a destruction that, for all practical purposes, would seem like the final judgment.

ESV

These verses, forming the second unit of vv. 1–20, comprise the content of the communal “cry” mentioned in v. 14.

ESV

The day of the LORD (see Introduction: Key Themes) is a major theme in Joel; it can refer both to the particular devastation of the locusts (v. 15) and to a final vindication of God and his people (3:18–21). It can refer to a day of destruction and threat for Israel (2:1, 11), or for the nations (3:14). However, for God’s people, it is also associated with his presence (2:27), blessing (3:18), and salvation (2:31–32; 3:16). For more on “the day of the Lord,” see note on Amos 5:18–20; and The Day of the Lord in the Prophets. destruction … Almighty. Joel uses an alliteration with the Hebrew words shod … Shadday (see esv footnote), which suggests that the wordplay implies something like “destruction of the Destroyer.”

ESV

seed shrivels … clods. These three words occur only here in the Masoretic text, and thus their precise meaning is uncertain (see esv footnote). Nevertheless, it is clear from what follows that a drought has also come upon the land (v. 20).

ESV

the flocks of sheep suffer. The Hebrew for “suffer” is ’asham, and here it means “to suffer punishment” or “to bear guilt.” The idea would be that creation suffers for Israel’s guilt. It is also possible to read this as a form of shamem, “to be desolate” (see esv footnote).

ESV

To you, O LORD, I call (2:32; Ps. 28:1; 30:8). The devastation brought by the Lord can be relieved only by him. Fire is sometimes an expression of divine judgment (Gen. 19:24; Num. 11:1; Deut. 32:22; Jer. 4:4; Hos. 8:14; Amos 1:4, 7, 10, 12, 14; Zeph. 1:18; 3:8).