Habakkuk

1Chapter
1The oracle that Habakkuk the prophet saw.

Habakkuk's Complaint

2O Lord, how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hear? Or cry to you “Violence!” and you will not save?
3Why do you make me see iniquity, and why do you idly look at wrong? Destruction and violence are before me; strife and contention arise.
4So the law is paralyzed, and justice never goes forth. For the wicked surround the righteous; so justice goes forth perverted.

The Lord's Answer

5“Look among the nations, and see; wonder and be astounded. For I am doing a work in your days that you would not believe if told.
6For behold, I am raising up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation, who march through the breadth of the earth, to seize dwellings not their own.
7They are dreaded and fearsome; their justice and dignity go forth from themselves.
8Their horses are swifter than leopards, more fierce than the evening wolves; their horsemen press proudly on. Their horsemen come from afar; they fly like an eagle swift to devour.
9They all come for violence, all their faces forward. They gather captives like sand.
10At kings they scoff, and at rulers they laugh. They laugh at every fortress, for they pile up earth and take it.
11Then they sweep by like the wind and go on, guilty men, whose own might is their god!”

Habakkuk's Second Complaint

12Are you not from everlasting, O Lord my God, my Holy One? We shall not die. O Lord, you have ordained them as a judgment, and you, O Rock, have established them for reproof.
13You who are of purer eyes than to see evil and cannot look at wrong, why do you idly look at traitors and remain silent when the wicked swallows up the man more righteous than he?
14You make mankind like the fish of the sea, like crawling things that have no ruler.
15He brings all of them up with a hook; he drags them out with his net; he gathers them in his dragnet; so he rejoices and is glad.
16Therefore he sacrifices to his net and makes offerings to his dragnet; for by them he lives in luxury, and his food is rich.
17Is he then to keep on emptying his net and mercilessly killing nations forever?
2Chapter
1I will take my stand at my watchpost and station myself on the tower, and look out to see what he will say to me, and what I will answer concerning my complaint.

The Righteous Shall Live by His Faith

2“Write the vision; make it plain on tablets, so he may run who reads it.
3For still the vision awaits its appointed time; it hastens to the end—it will not lie. If it seems slow, wait for it; it will surely come; it will not delay.
4“Behold, his soul is puffed up; it is not upright within him, but the righteous shall live by his faith.
5“Moreover, wine is a traitor, an arrogant man who is never at rest. His greed is as wide as Sheol; like death he has never enough. He gathers for himself all nations and collects as his own all peoples.”

Woe to the Chaldeans

6“Woe to him who heaps up what is not his own— for how long?— and loads himself with pledges!”
7Will not your debtors suddenly arise, and those awake who will make you tremble? Then you will be spoil for them.
8Because you have plundered many nations, all the remnant of the peoples shall plunder you, for the blood of man and violence to the earth, to cities and all who dwell in them.
9“Woe to him who gets evil gain for his house, to set his nest on high, to be safe from the reach of harm!
10You have devised shame for your house by cutting off many peoples; you have forfeited your life.
11For the stone will cry out from the wall, and the beam from the woodwork respond.
12“Woe to him who builds a town with blood and founds a city on iniquity!
13Behold, is it not from the Lord of hosts that peoples labor merely for fire, and nations weary themselves for nothing?
14For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.
15“Woe to him who makes his neighbors drink— you pour out your wrath and make them drunk, in order to gaze at their nakedness!
16You will have your fill of shame instead of glory. Drink, yourself, and show your uncircumcision! The cup in the Lord's right hand will come around to you, and utter shame will come upon your glory!
17The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you, as will the destruction of the beasts that terrified them, for the blood of man and violence to the earth, to cities and all who dwell in them.
18“What profit is an idol when its maker has shaped it, a metal image, a teacher of lies? For its maker trusts in his own creation when he makes speechless idols!
19Woe to him who says to a wooden thing, Awake; to a silent stone, Arise! Can this teach? Behold, it is overlaid with gold and silver, and there is no breath at all in it.
20But the Lord is in his holy temple; let all the earth keep silence before him.”
3Chapter

Habakkuk's Prayer

1A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet, according to Shigionoth. 2O Lord, I have heard the report of you, and your work, O Lord, do I fear. In the midst of the years revive it; in the midst of the years make it known; in wrath remember mercy.
3God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran. Selah His splendor covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise.
4His brightness was like the light; rays flashed from his hand; and there he veiled his power.
5Before him went pestilence, and plague followed at his heels.
6He stood and measured the earth; he looked and shook the nations; then the eternal mountains were scattered; the everlasting hills sank low. His were the everlasting ways.
7I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction; the curtains of the land of Midian did tremble.
8Was your wrath against the rivers, O Lord? Was your anger against the rivers, or your indignation against the sea, when you rode on your horses, on your chariot of salvation?
9You stripped the sheath from your bow, calling for many arrows. Selah You split the earth with rivers.
10The mountains saw you and writhed; the raging waters swept on; the deep gave forth its voice; it lifted its hands on high.
11The sun and moon stood still in their place at the light of your arrows as they sped, at the flash of your glittering spear.
12You marched through the earth in fury; you threshed the nations in anger.
13You went out for the salvation of your people, for the salvation of your anointed. You crushed the head of the house of the wicked, laying him bare from thigh to neck. Selah
14You pierced with his own arrows the heads of his warriors, who came like a whirlwind to scatter me, rejoicing as if to devour the poor in secret.
15You trampled the sea with your horses, the surging of mighty waters.
16I hear, and my body trembles; my lips quiver at the sound; rottenness enters into my bones; my legs tremble beneath me. Yet I will quietly wait for the day of trouble to come upon people who invade us.

Habakkuk Rejoices in the Lord

17Though the fig tree should not blossom, nor fruit be on the vines, the produce of the olive fail and the fields yield no food, the flock be cut off from the fold and there be no herd in the stalls,
18yet I will rejoice in the Lord; I will take joy in the God of my salvation.
19God, the Lord, is my strength; he makes my feet like the deer's; he makes me tread on my high places. To the choirmaster: with stringed instruments.
Study
Chapter 2
CSB

JOHN ANKERBERG: Just the Facts

Born in 1946 in Chicago, Illinois, John Ankerberg grew up in a Christian family that spent its days with many of the founding leaders of Youth for Christ, including world-renowned evangelist Billy Graham and Bob Pierce, founder of the Christian humanitarian organization World Vision.

The Christian influence of John’s friends and family led to an intriguing high school experience. He arrived the first day of his freshman year in a public school carrying a Bible. Skeptical students asked tough questions to challenge his faith. Rather than giving up, John would simply respond, “I don’t know the answer. I’ll look it up and let you know tomorrow.” Over time, he led several of his fellow students to Christ. This “fact on” approach soon became John’s model for handling the tough criticisms of Christianity.

After college, John’s question-and-answer approach transitioned to television where he often invited leaders of opposing faith systems to debate and discuss apologetics issues. Now, thirty years later, his apologetics ministry includes a global media outreach through television, radio, print, and online materials, including the well-known Facts On series of books used to help people discuss controversial faith issues.

Those who know him best say John’s attitude has remained unchanged since his early days regarding how he discusses his faith. He continues to confront new issues, seek out answers, and share what God’s Word communicates. As he shares, “It’s not about knowing all of the answers. It’s about finding out what God says and sharing his answers with those who will listen.”

ESV

I will take my stand at my watchpost. Similar to a lookout who awaits a coming enemy, Habakkuk waits in the city’s watchtower for God to rebuke his direct challenge. tower. Probably part of a wall and tower system to protect the city.

CSB

The Lord commanded Habakkuk to write the vision he was giving him clearly—literally, “so one who reads in it may run.” This could be taken in two ways: either the tablets were to be written in letters large enough that a person running by would not have to stop to read them, or the message was so clear that a messenger could run with it. This message was for all God’s people distressed by arrogant oppressors, whether aggressive foreign nations (“the Chaldeans,” 1:6) or treacherous and greedy members of Habakkuk’s own community (1:13). Its essence was “Trust, and you will be able to live!” This was the ultimate answer to both of the prophet’s complaints. God is going to deal with wickedness among his people in his own good time, as he is also going to deal with wickedness generally (Gn 3:15). Even when appearances and human reasoning contradict what God has said, his people can trust his word given through the prophetic vision.

ESV

God’s Response. God assures Habakkuk that he will punish all the wicked at the right time.

ESV

Write the vision. This word “vision” commonly refers to the prophetic message from God (see 1 Chron. 17:15; Prov. 29:18). This message was to be a permanent witness, since it would not be imminently fulfilled. The content may be the entire book of Habakkuk, or some shorter portion. so he may run who reads it. This may refer to a herald spreading the message throughout the nation, or more generally to anyone fleeing the coming judgment.

ESV

the vision awaits its appointed time. The fulfillment of the message may occur more slowly than expected, but God’s timing will be perfect. wait for it. While the judgment coming upon Judah will begin quite soon (586 B.C.), the punishment of the Babylonians will not be fulfilled until 539.

CSB

The translation “faith” in this verse is much debated; some prefer to use the word “faithfulness” instead. The Hebrew word is ’emunah, the root of our word “amen,” and it signifies reliability and steadfastness. Ultimately it is a word that signifies loyalty to the Lord’s covenant. Thus, there is not a great deal of difference between faith, faithfulness, and steadfast allegiance to God. The person who has true faith in God will remain faithful despite outward circumstances (3:16-19), and the faithful person will not endure without faith in God (Heb 10:36-39).

Paul quoted v. 4 to support his argument that the gospel is “the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes” because “the righteous will live by faith” (Rm 1:16-17). Those who trust in what God has done through Jesus Christ—not simply as a matter of intellectual belief but as a matter of life commitment—will be saved, or delivered, from the consequences of sin and the effects of God’s wrath. Paul made an even stronger argument from Hab 2:4 in his letter to the Galatians, asserting that salvation is through faith, not through “the law” (of Moses, Gl 3:11). Habakkuk did not directly contrast righteousness based on keeping the law with righteousness based on faith; to a prophet of Israel there would have been no difference between these concepts, since the law itself was an act of God’s grace (Dt 7:6-11). But he did make faith the key element for survival when the Lord brings disaster. Habakkuk’s statement should be viewed in light of earlier prophets who stressed that offering sacrifices according to the requirements of the law was useless when a genuine commitment to live according to God’s standards of justice and mercy was lacking.

ESV

his soul. The singular form refers to the Babylonian nation as a whole, but with a primary reference to the king. A proud person relies on himself, whereas a righteous person relies on God. While the phrase “his soul is puffed up” refers primarily to Babylon in this context, it could include anyone who is proud. It will take faith to wait patiently for God’s plan to unfold, but the righteous believe that God will accomplish it. The phrase but the righteous shall live by his faith is quoted in the NT to emphasize that people are saved by grace through faith (Rom. 1:17; Gal. 3:11; cf. Eph. 2:8) and that Christians should live by faith (Heb. 10:38–39). The kind of faith that Habakkuk describes, and that the NT authors promote, is continuing trust in God and clinging to God’s promises, even in the darkest days.

ESV

His greed is as wide as Sheol. Sometimes in the OT, Sheol is the place of the dead where everyone went, yet which never filled up (see Prov. 30:15–16).

ESV

The taunt against the Babylonians consists of five “woe oracles” that are divided into two parts (vv. 6–14 and vv. 15–20), both of which end with summary statements declaring the glory and greatness of God. These woe oracles (vv. 6, 9, 12, 15, 19) describe the reasons why Babylon deserves its coming punishment (cf. Isa. 5:8–23). Woe oracles are generally composed of two parts: declaration of the wrong, and pronouncement of impending judgment as a result.

ESV

all these. That is, all the nations that Babylon has destroyed (see Isa. 14:9–11). Woe. The Babylonians are condemned for their excessive greed in conquest. They have hoarded things that are not theirs. While pledges were allowed under the law as guarantee of repayment, humane treatment of people was still expected (see Ex. 22:26–27; Deut. 24:10–13).

ESV

debtors. The spoil and plunder that Babylon has taken from other nations is actually only on loan until a stronger nation comes to plunder Babylon.

ESV

blood of man. God will someday hold the Babylonians accountable for indiscriminate bloodshed (see 1:17; Gen. 9:6).

ESV

Woe. Babylon is condemned for relying on treasures and wealth for protection. evil gain. Amassing stolen goods was prohibited under the law (Ex. 20:13–17; Deut. 5:17–21). set his nest on high. Like the eagle that builds its nest in inaccessible spots, the Babylonians attempted to build a city that was inaccessible to their enemies (see Isa. 14:4–15; cf. Obad. 3–4). Herodotus says that Babylon had a huge wall with 100 bronze gates. It was wide enough for a four-horse chariot to run upon it (History 1.178–179).

ESV

forfeited your life. God will hold Babylon responsible for killing many people.

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stone will cry out. The stones were plundered from other nations’ buildings or purchased with plundered goods and would serve as a witness against Babylon.

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Woe. Babylon is condemned for its violence and injustice.

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LORD of hosts. Yahweh is the commander of the heavenly armies, all of which do his bidding; see note on Amos 3:13. peoples labor merely for fire. God controls man’s destiny and will punish injustice; thus, Babylon’s cities will ultimately be destroyed or given to others. Even the people of Judah were chastened for similar practices (Mic. 3:10).

ESV

The glory of the LORD is his special presence with his people, especially at the sanctuary. The glory “filled” the tabernacle and temple (Ex. 40:34–35; 1 Kings 8:11); a number of texts look forward to a day when God’s glory fills the whole earth (Num. 14:21; Ps. 72:19; Isa. 6:3 esv footnote). Israel existed so that the nations might come to know the true God (Gen. 12:2–3; Ex. 19:5–6), and the prophets nurtured the hope that one day the light would indeed reach all the nations. (Christian interpreters dispute whether a prophecy such as this will be fulfilled before or after Christ’s return.)

ESV

Woe. Babylon is chastened for violence to its neighbors. gaze at their nakedness. That is, to dishonor them (cf. Gen. 9:20–22).

ESV

shame. Babylon will experience the same shame and embarrassment that it inflicted on others (see note on v. 15). Cup is a symbol of divine retribution on Babylon (see Isa. 51:17, 22; Jer. 25:15–17; Lam. 4:21; Rev. 14:10; 16:19).

ESV

violence done to Lebanon. Babylon used the famed cedars of Lebanon for its massive building projects (see Isa. 14:8). Nebuchadnezzar’s royal annals indicate that he commanded his army to construct a road to bring these cedars to Babylon. The animal population may also have been decimated—Assyrian inscriptions record hunting expeditions in the Lebanese ranges, and the Babylonians probably indulged in the same practices.

ESV

idols. Carved images or likenesses of false gods were often condemned as worthless and lifeless objects unworthy of the faith placed in them (cf. Isa. 41:29; 44:9; Jer. 10:15). teacher of lies. This highlights the deceptive nature of worshiping idols (cf. Isa. 44:20).

ESV

Woe. The Babylonians are condemned for their idolatry. Idols were often ornate and covered with valuable metals to enhance their prestige.

ESV

But the LORD. There is a tremendous contrast between silent, inanimate idols and the awesome living God who sits enthroned in heaven and rules over the earth. He is the One who deserves the honor and reverence bestowed on worthless idols (see Isa. 41:1; Zeph. 1:7; Zech. 2:13). Silence is commanded so that everyone will consider God’s awesome nature and realize his sovereignty over all creation (see Zeph. 1:7).