Zephaniah

1Chapter
1This is the message that the Lord gave to Zephaniah. He received this message during the time that Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah. Zephaniah was the son of Cushi, who was the son of Gedaliah. Gedaliah was the son of Amariah, who was the son of Hezekiah.

The Lord’s Day for Judging the People

2The Lord says, “I will destroy everything on earth. 3I will destroy all the people and all the animals. I will destroy the birds in the air and the fish in the sea. I will destroy the evil people and everything that makes them sin. I will remove all people from the earth.” This is what the Lord said.
4“I will punish Judah and the people living in Jerusalem. I will remove from this place any signs of Baal worship. No one will remember the priests who serve the idols there. 5And those who go up on their roofs to worship the stars will be forgotten. They worship me, the Lord, but they also use the name of the false god Milcom to make promises. 6They have turned away from me, the Lord. They have stopped following me. They no longer ask me, the Lord, for help.”
7Be silent before the Lord God, because the Lord’s day for judging the people is coming soon. The Lord has prepared his sacrifice, and he has told his invited guests to get ready.
8The Lord said, “On the Lord’s day of sacrifice, I will punish the king’s sons and other leaders. I will punish all the people wearing clothes from other countries. 9At that time I will punish all the people who jump over the threshold and those who fill their master’s house with lies and violence.”
10The Lord also said, “At that time people will be calling for help at Fish Gate in Jerusalem and mourning in the new part of town. They will hear the sound of destruction in the hills around the city. 11You people living in the lower part of town will cry, because all the traders and rich merchants will be destroyed.
12“At that time I will take a lamp and search through Jerusalem. I will find all those who are satisfied to live their own way. They say, ‘The Lord does nothing. He does not help, and he does not hurt!’ I will find them, and I will punish them. 13Then others will take their wealth and destroy their houses. Those who built houses will not live in them, and those who planted vineyards will not drink the wine from the grapes.”
14The Lord’s special day for judging is coming soon! It is near and coming fast. People will hear very sad sounds on the Lord’s special day of judgment. Even strong soldiers will cry. 15The Lord will show his anger at that time. It will be a time of terrible troubles and a time of destruction. It will be a time of darkness—a black, cloudy, and stormy day. 16It will be like a time of war when people hear horns and trumpets in the defense towers and protected cities.
17The Lord said, “I will make life very hard on the people. They will walk around like the blind who don’t know where they are going. That will happen because they sinned against the Lord. Their blood will be spilled on the ground. Their dead bodies will lie like dung on the ground. 18Their gold and silver will not help them! At that time the Lord will become very upset and angry. The Lord will destroy the whole world ! He will completely destroy everyone on earth!”
2Chapter

God Asks People to Change Their Lives

1Shameless people, change your lives 2before you become like a dry and dying flower. In the heat of day, a flower will wilt and die. You will be like that when the Lord shows his terrible anger. So change your lives before the Lord shows his anger against you! 3All you humble people, come to the Lord! Obey his laws. Learn to do good things. Learn to be humble. Maybe then you will be safe when the Lord shows his anger.

The Lord Will Punish Israel’s Neighbors

4No one will be left in Gaza. Ashkelon will be destroyed. By noon, the people will be forced to leave Ashdod. Ekron will be empty. 5You Cretans living by the sea, this message from the Lord is about you. Canaan, land of the Philistines, you will be destroyed—no one will live there! 6Your land by the sea will become empty fields for shepherds and their sheep. 7Then the land will belong to the survivors from Judah. The Lord their God will remember the people from Judah and restore their fortunes. Then they will let their sheep eat the grass in those fields. In the evenings they will lie down in the empty houses of Ashkelon.
8The Lord says, “I know what the people of Moab and Ammon did. They embarrassed my people. They took their land to make their own countries larger. 9So, as surely as I am alive, Moab and the people of Ammon will be destroyed like Sodom and Gomorrah. I am the Lord All-Powerful, the God of Israel, and I promise those countries will be destroyed completely forever. Their land will be overgrown with weeds. It will be like the land covered with salt by the Dead Sea. The survivors of my people will take that land and everything left in it.”
10This will happen to the people of Moab and Ammon because they were so proud and cruel and humiliated the people of the Lord All-Powerful. 11They will be afraid of the Lord, because he will destroy their gods. Then everyone in all the faraway lands will worship the Lord. 12People of Ethiopia, this even means you! The Lord’s sword will kill your people. 13Then the Lord will turn north and punish Assyria. He will destroy Nineveh—that city will be like an empty, dry desert. 14Only sheep and wild animals will live in those ruins. Owls and crows will sit on the columns that are left standing. Their calls will be heard coming through the windows. Crows will sit on the doorsteps. Black birds will make their homes in those empty houses. 15Nineveh is so proud now. It is such a happy city. The people think they are safe. They think Nineveh is the greatest place in the world, but it will be destroyed! It will be an empty place where only wild animals go to rest. People who pass by will whistle and shake their heads when they see how badly the city was destroyed.
3Chapter

The Future of Jerusalem

1Jerusalem, your people fought against God. They hurt other people, and you have been stained with sin. 2They didn’t listen to me or accept my teachings. Jerusalem didn’t trust the Lord. Jerusalem didn’t go to her God. 3Jerusalem’s leaders are like roaring lions. Her judges are like hungry wolves that come in the evening to attack the sheep—and in the morning nothing is left. 4Her prophets are always making secret plans to get more and more. Her priests have treated holy things as if they were not holy. They have done bad things to God’s teachings. 5But the Lord is still in that city, and he continues to be good. He does not do anything wrong. He continues to help his people. Morning after morning he makes good decisions for them. Not a day passes without his justice. He never gives a decision that is crooked or is something to be ashamed of.
6The Lord says, “I have destroyed whole nations and their defense towers. I destroyed their streets and now no one goes there anymore. Their cities are empty—no one lives there anymore. 7I tell you this so that you will learn a lesson. I want you to fear and respect me. If you do this, your home will not be destroyed, and I will not have to punish you the way I planned.” But those evil people only wanted to do more of the same evil things they had already done!
8The Lord said, “So just wait! Wait for me to stand and judge you. I have the right to bring people from many nations and use them to punish you. I will use them to show my anger against you. I will use them to show how upset I am—and the whole country will be destroyed. 9Then I will change people from other nations so that they can speak the language clearly and call out the name of the Lord. They will all worship me together, shoulder to shoulder, as one people. 10People will come all the way from the other side of the river in Ethiopia. My scattered people will come to me. My worshipers will come and bring their gifts to me.
11“Then, Jerusalem, you will no longer be ashamed of the wrong things your people do against me. That is because I will remove all the bad people from Jerusalem. I will take away all the proud people. There will not be any of them on my holy mountain. 12I will let only meek and humble people stay in my city, and they will trust the Lord’s name. 13The survivors of Israel will not do bad things or tell lies. They will not try to trick people with lies. They will be like sheep that eat and lie down in peace—and no one will bother them.”

A Happy Song

14Jerusalem, sing and be happy! Israel, shout for joy! Jerusalem, be happy and have fun!
15The Lord stopped your punishment. He destroyed your enemies’ strong towers. King of Israel, the Lord is with you. You don’t need to worry about anything bad happening.
16At that time Jerusalem will be told, “Be strong, don’t be afraid!
17The Lord your God is with you. He is like a powerful soldier. He will save you. He will show how much he loves you and how happy he is with you. He will laugh and be happy about you,
18like people at a party. I will take away your shame. I will make them stop hurting you.
19At that time I will punish those who hurt you. I will save my hurt people and bring back those who were forced to leave. I will give them praise and honor everywhere, even in places where they suffered shame.
20At that time I will lead you back home. I will bring your people back together. I will cause people everywhere to honor and praise you. You will see me bring back all the blessings you once had.” This is what the Lord said.
Study
Chapter 3
CSB

Joy is the serious business of heaven.

—C. S. Lewis

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Jerusalem. God’s people cannot think that they will emerge unscathed on the day of the Lord. If they sin (vv. 1–4) and are shameless (v. 5), they are also held accountable, especially if they lack repentance (vv. 6–7).

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The city is now described as defiled and oppressing. It has become ritually polluted (Isa. 59:3; Mal. 1:7) through sins of idolatry and covenant breaking. Rather than showing care, the city has become brutal and overbearing (Jer. 25:38).

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Among those who should lead the city aright, but have in fact turned against her, are its officials, the civil authorities (1:8; 1 Chron. 28:1), and judges, those in charge of settling legal disputes (Ex. 18:13, 22). Instead of showing benevolence, these leaders were acting as roaring lions, ferocious beasts possessing great power, about to seize prey (Amos 3:4), and as evening (or desert) wolves, known for their ravenous appetite (Gen. 49:27). Leaders, rather than guarding their flock, devour it.

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Religious officials are also condemned, including the prophets. Rather than being speakers of God’s sure word, they speak their own fickle (cf. Gen. 49:4, where “unstable” is the same Hb. word) and even treacherous words (cf. Jer. 3:20). Priests have two roles, and have failed in both. First, they are to help purify sinners through presenting their offerings before God (Leviticus 1–7), but instead they make them profane, unsuitable to be in God’s holy presence (Lev. 10:10; 19:8). Second, they are to teach life under the law (Lev. 10:11; Deut. 17:8–13; 33:10), but instead they do violence (Ezek. 22:26), leading others to do the same.

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Unlike the human leaders, God perpetually shows that he is righteous in not breaking the law (Ezek. 18:5–9) and shows forth his justice in seeing that all receive fair treatment (cf. Ex. 23:6).

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God calls the city to fear, not in panic but in respectful awe at his power (2:11; Ex. 14:31). This is further defined as willingness to accept correction (contrast Zeph. 3:2 as well as Jer. 2:30; 5:3), learning from God’s reproof in renewed obedience and showing the fear of God in action (Prov. 10:17). If they were to do this, they would not experience God’s judgment: your dwelling would not be cut off.

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Summary. The section concludes with a return to worldwide judgment. The people are called to wait for God, not for possible blessing (Isa. 30:18) but rather for his coming judgment. But this time it will not be against Judah itself, since he will gather (Zeph. 3:18–20) all nations of the earth for their judgment.

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Anticipation of Hope. God the judge is also God the gracious. He intends that the nations should turn to him (vv. 9–10), as well as his own people (vv. 11–13). This will cause rejoicing (vv. 14–17), not least because God alone has accomplished salvation (vv. 18–20).

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Conversion of the Nations. God the judge also purifies and calls the distant ones to himself.

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In that day, God will alter the speech (or lips) of the peoples gathered to be punished (Isa. 6:5–7). The nations had polluted speech, worshiping pagan gods, but now they will have pure speech (cf. Ps. 24:4), cleansed to call upon the name of the LORD in worship (Gen. 4:26). (Some have suggested that this may also allude to the reversal of the Babel syndrome in Gen. 11:1–9.) Worship is not only through word but also through deed, since the nations will serve him. The term ‘abad (“work, serve”) designates obedient work for God (Mal. 3:14). This service is universal, done by all, and unanimous, “with one accord” (cf. 1 Kings 22:13).

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The Israelite exiles will be restored to their place from beyond the rivers of Cush (1:1; 2:12; Isa. 18:1) or Ethiopia. These rivers are the Blue and White Nile. “Beyond the river” more often has an eastward orientation, and it can refer to Assyria (Isa. 7:20), as can Cush (Gen. 10:6–8; see Zeph. 2:12–13). These true worshipers will now move toward Jerusalem, whether from east or west.

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Judah’s Return. Not ignoring their sin, God speaks of the removal of impurity from Jerusalem so that his people might be restored.

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Jerusalem’s shame (Isa. 1:29; 54:4) is over, even though it was deserved because of the people’s godless deeds (Zeph. 3:1–4, 7). They had rebelled, flagrantly and purposefully turning against what they knew was right (Hos. 8:1). They were dominated by proudly exultant ones, complacent, wealthy people (Zeph. 1:8–13) who, in being haughty (Isa. 3:16), thought they were self-sufficient, needing nothing from God. Ironically, this contempt was shown in God’s earthly dwelling place, his holy mountain, Zion (Obad. 16), the site of the temple.

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God will especially provide a place for the humble and lowly (2:3) who, unlike the arrogant (3:11), know that they are in need. They not only call on God’s name (v. 9) but also seek refuge in his name (see the same term in Isa. 57:13; Nah. 1:7).

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Previous sins among God’s people—injustice (v. 5), lying (Ezek. 13:6–9), and a deceitful tongue giving words that are not from God (Jer. 14:14)—will be among them no longer.

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Joyful Song. As in the Psalms, people even in the throes of suffering are called to worship and give thanks for their anticipated salvation.

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The defiled city and nation (v. 1) is raised up by being again called the beloved daughter of Zion (Isa. 62:11). Zion is an alternative name for Jerusalem, the city of David (2 Sam. 5:7) and home of the temple (Ps. 9:11; 76:2). Jerusalem’s inhabitants are called Israel since, now that the northern, Israelite tribes are in exile, Judah and its capital, Jerusalem, are the only remaining people who can bear this name as descendants of the first Israel (Jacob; Gen. 28:10–15; 32:28).

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Rejoicing is appropriate because of the presence of the real King of Israel, God, among his people. The human kings of Israel and Judah served only as representatives of Israel’s true monarch, who here blesses with his presence those who repent and return to him. He is not powerless, as some had claimed (1:12).

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When frightened or dismayed, literally one’s hands grow weak (Isa. 13:7; Jer. 6:24). Since God is now present and in control, this will not happen.

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The previously weakened nation is in the presence of the mighty one (Deut. 10:17; Ps. 24:8; Isa. 10:21; 42:13), God himself, who, unlike human warriors and heroes (Zeph. 1:14), does not lose heart. Instead of fleeing in the face of danger, God can save his people from it (Ex. 14:30). This verse remarkably adds that God himself will rejoice over you with gladness, indicating that when God’s people seek him and follow him (Zeph. 3:12–13), and rejoice in him and trust him (vv. 14–16), then God personally delights in them. This is not an aloof, emotionless contentment, but it bursts forth in joyful divine celebration: he will exult over you with loud singing.

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God’s Promised Restoration. Joy is increased through the increased promised blessings from God.

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This verse is very obscure, with numerous translations suggested. This version suggests that those Judean sinners who had been unable to join in the festival celebrations that were reserved for God’s righteous people (see Numbers 28–29) are now able to do so once again.

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God will act on behalf of all his flock who suffered under exile, taking steps to save the lame (Mic. 4:6–7) like a shepherd. Also, the exiles, like outcast, scattered animals (Deut. 22:1; 30:4; John 11:52), will no longer suffer shame at their plight but will rejoice that it is over.

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God’s far-flung people will face restoration at the hand of their King. Instead of being justifiably shamed for their sin, they will be renowned and praised (Deut. 26:19) because of the gracious salvation of God.