Micah

1Chapter

Samaria and Israel to Be Punished

1During the time that Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah, the word of the Lord came to Micah. Micah was from Moresheth. He saw these visions about Samaria and Jerusalem. 2Listen, all you people! Earth and everyone on it, listen! The Lord God will be a witness against you. The Lord will come from his holy temple.
3See, the Lord is leaving his place to come down and walk on the high places of the earth.
4The mountains will melt under him like wax in a fire. The valleys will break apart and slide like water rushing down a hill.
5This will happen because of Jacob’s sin, because of the sins of the nation of Israel.

Samaria, the Cause of Sin

5What caused Jacob to sin? It was Samaria. Where is the high place in Judah? It is Jerusalem.
6So I will change Samaria into a pile of rocks in the field, a place ready for planting grapes. I will push Samaria’s stones down into the valley, leaving nothing but the foundations.
7All her idols will be broken to pieces. And the offerings to her idols will be burned. I will destroy all her statues of false gods, because she got them as pay for being a prostitute. So those things will be taken away to be used again for paying prostitutes.

Micah’s Great Sadness

8I will be very sad about what will happen. I will go without sandals and clothes. I will cry like a dog. I will mourn like a bird.
9Samaria’s wound cannot be healed. Her disease has spread to Judah. It has reached the city gate of my people; it has spread all the way to Jerusalem.
10Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t cry in Acco. Roll yourself in the dust at Beth Ophrah.
11You people living in Shaphir, pass on your way, naked and ashamed. The people living in Zaanan will not come out. The people in Beth Ezel will cry and take their support from you.
12The people living in Maroth wait for something good to happen, even though trouble has come down from the Lord and has reached the city gate of Jerusalem.
13You people living in Lachish, get the horses ready for your chariots. You are guilty of the same sins Israel committed, and you brought those sins to Jerusalem.
14So you must give goodbye gifts to Moresheth in Gath. The houses in Aczib will trick the kings of Israel.
15You people who live in Mareshah, I will bring someone against you who will take the things you own. The Glory of Israel will come into Adullam.
16So cut off your hair, make yourself bald, because you will cry for the children you love. Make yourself bald like an eagle and show your sadness, because your children will be taken away from you.
2Chapter

The Evil Plans of People

1Trouble will come to those who make plans to sin. They lie on their beds making their evil plans. Then when the morning light comes, they do what they planned, because they have the power to do what they want.
2They want fields, so they take them. They want houses, so they take them. They cheat a man and take his house and his land.

The Lord’s Plans to Punish the People

3That is why the Lord says: “Look, I am planning trouble against this family. You will not be able to save yourselves. You will stop being proud, because bad times are coming.
4Then people will sing songs about you. They will sing this sad song: ‘We are ruined! The Lord took away our land and gave it to other people. Yes, he took my land away from me. He has divided our fields among our enemies.
5So we will not be able to measure the land and divide it among the Lord’s people.’”

Micah Is Asked Not to Prophesy

6The people say, “Don’t prophesy to us. Don’t say those bad things about us. Nothing bad will happen to us.”
7But people of Jacob, I must say these things. The Lord is losing his patience because of the bad things you did. If you lived right, I could say nice words to you.
8But you attack my people like enemies. You steal the clothes off the backs of people walking by. They think they are safe, but you are there to treat them like prisoners of war.
9You have taken nice houses away from the women of my people. You have taken my wealth away from their small children forever.
10Get up and leave! This will not be your place of rest, because you ruined it. You made it unclean, so it will be destroyed! It will be a terrible destruction!
11These people don’t want to listen to me. But if a man comes telling lies, they will accept him. They would accept a false prophet if he comes and says, “There will be good times in the future, with plenty of wine and beer.”

The Lord Will Bring His People Together

12Yes, people of Jacob, I will bring all of you together. I will bring together all those in Israel who are still living. I will put them together like sheep in the sheep pen, like a flock in its pasture. Then the place will be filled with the noise of many people.
13The “One Who Breaks Through Walls” will push through and walk to the front of his people. They will break through the gates and leave that city. They will leave with their king marching before them— with the Lord at the front of his people.
3Chapter

The Leaders of Israel Are Guilty of Evil

1Then I said, “Listen, leaders of Jacob and officers of the nation of Israel! You should know what justice is.
2But you hate good and love evil. You tear the skin off the people and tear the flesh off their bones.
3You are destroying my people. You take their skin off them and break their bones. You chop their bones up like meat to put in the pot!
4Then you will pray to the Lord, but he will not answer you. No, he will hide his face from you, because what you do is evil.”

False Prophets

5“These prophets are led by their stomachs. They promise peace for those who give them food, but they promise war to those who do not give them food.
6“This is why it is like night for you and you don’t have visions. You cannot see what will happen in the future, so it is like darkness to you. The sun has gone down on the prophets. They cannot see what will happen in the future, so it is like darkness to them.
7The seers are ashamed. The fortunetellers are embarrassed. None of them will say anything, because God will not speak to them.”

Micah Is an Honest Prophet of God

8But the Lord’s Spirit has filled me with power, goodness, and strength. So I can tell Jacob about his crimes, and so I can tell Israel about his sins!

The Leaders of Israel Are to Blame

9Leaders of Jacob and rulers of Israel, listen to me! You hate the right way of living! If something is straight, then you make it crooked!
10You build Zion by murdering people. You build Jerusalem by cheating people!
11The judges in Jerusalem accept bribes to help them decide who wins in court. The priests in Jerusalem must be paid before they will teach the people. People must pay the prophets before they will look into the future. Then those leaders expect the Lord to help them. They say, “The Lord lives here with us, so nothing bad will happen to us.”
12Leaders, because of you, Zion will be destroyed. It will become a plowed field. Jerusalem will become a pile of rocks. Temple Mount will be an empty hill overgrown with bushes.
4Chapter

The Law Will Come From Jerusalem

1In the last days the mountain of the Lord’s Temple will be on the highest of all mountains. It will be raised higher than the hills. There will be a steady stream of people going there.
2His teaching, the Lord’s message, will begin in Jerusalem on Mount Zion and will go out to all the world.
3Then God will act as judge to end arguments between people in many places. He will decide what is right for great nations far and near. They will stop using their weapons for war. They will hammer their swords into plows and use their spears to make tools for harvesting. All fighting between nations will end. They will never again train for war.
4They will sit under their own grapevine and fig tree. No one will make them afraid. That is because the Lord All-Powerful said it would happen like that.
5All the people from other nations follow their own gods, but we will follow the Lord our God forever and ever!

The Kingdom to Be Brought Back

6The Lord says, “Jerusalem was hurt and crippled. She was thrown away. She was hurt and punished, but I will bring her back to me.
7“The people of that ‘crippled’ city will be the only ones left alive. They were forced to leave, but I will make them into a strong nation.” The Lord will be their king. He will rule from Mount Zion forever.
8And you, Tower of Flocks, your time will come. Ophel, hill of Zion, you will again have the right to rule. Yes, the kingdom will be in Jerusalem as it was in the past.

Why Must the Israelites Go to Babylon?

9Now, why are you crying so loudly? Is your king gone? Have you lost your wise leader? Is that why you are suffering like a woman in labor?
10Cry out, you people of Jerusalem, and feel the pain, as if you were giving birth. You must go out of the city and live in the fields. You will go away to Babylon, but you will also be saved from that place. The Lord will come and rescue you there. He will take you away from your enemies.

The Lord Will Destroy the Other Nations

11Many nations have come to fight against you. They say, “Look, there is Zion! Let’s attack her!”
12They have their plans, but they don’t know what the Lord is planning. He brought them here for a special purpose. They will be crushed like grain on a threshing floor.

Israel Will Defeat Its Enemies

13“People of Jerusalem, get up and crush them! I will make you very strong. It will be as if you have horns of iron and hooves of bronze. You will beat many people into small pieces. You will give their wealth to the Lord. You will give their treasure to the Lord of all the earth.”
5Chapter
1Now strong city, gather your soldiers! They are surrounding us for the attack! They will hit the Judge of Israel on the cheek with a stick.

The Messiah to Be Born in Bethlehem

2But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, are the smallest town in Judah. Your family is almost too small to count, but the “Ruler of Israel” will come from you to rule for me. His beginnings are from ancient times, from long, long ago.
3The Lord will let his people be defeated until the woman gives birth to her child, the promised king. Then the rest of his brothers will come back to join the people of Israel.
4He will begin to rule Israel in the power of the Lord. Like a shepherd, he will lead his people in the wonderful name of the Lord his God. And they will live in safety because then his greatness will be known all over the world.
5Yes, the Assyrian army will come into our country and march through our land. But we have plenty of leaders we can send against them.
6With swords in hand our leaders will defeat the Assyrians and rule the land of Nimrod. They will save us from the Assyrians when they come into our land and march through our territory.
7But those from Jacob who are still living and scattered among the nations will be like dew from the Lord that does not depend on anyone. They will be like rain on the grass that does not wait for anyone.
8Those from Jacob who are still living are scattered among the nations. But they will be like a lion among the animals in the forest. They will be like a young lion among flocks of sheep. If the lion passes through, he goes where he wants to go. If he attacks an animal, no one can save it. The survivors will be like that.
9You will lift your hand against your enemies, and you will destroy them.

People Will Depend on God

10The Lord says, “At that time I will take away your horses, and I will destroy your chariots.
11I will destroy the cities in your country. I will pull down all your fortresses.
12You will no longer try to do magic. You will have no more fortunetellers.
13I will destroy your statues of false gods. I will pull down your memorial stones. You will not worship what your hands have made.
14I will destroy the Asherah poles and your false gods.
15Some nations will not listen to me, but I will show my anger and get my revenge.”
6Chapter

The Lord’s Complaint

1Now hear what the Lord says: “Present your argument to the mountains. Let the hills hear your story.
2The Lord has a complaint against his people. Mountains, listen to the Lord’s complaint. Foundations of the earth, hear the Lord. He will prove that Israel is wrong!”
3He says, “My people, tell me what I did! Did I do something wrong against you? Did I make life too hard for you?
4I will tell you what I did. I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam to you. I brought you from the land of Egypt. I freed you from slavery.
5My people, remember the evil plans of Balak king of Moab. Remember what Balaam son of Beor said to Balak. Remember what happened from Acacia to Gilgal, and you will know the Lord is right!”

What Does God Want From Us?

6What must I bring when I come to meet with the Lord? What must I do when I bow down to God above? Should I come to him with burnt offerings and a year-old calf?
7Will the Lord be pleased with a thousand rams or with ten thousand rivers of oil? Should I offer him my first child to pay for my wrongs? Should I sacrifice my very own child for my sins?
8Human, the Lord has told you what goodness is. This is what he wants from you: Be fair to other people. Love kindness and loyalty, and humbly obey your God.

What Were the Israelites Doing?

9The Lord shouts to the city: “A wise person respects the Lord’s name. So pay attention to the punishing rod and to the one who uses it!
10Do the wicked still hide treasures that they have stolen? Do they still cheat people with baskets that are too small? Yes, all of this is still happening!
11Some people carry special weights that they use to cheat people when they weigh their goods. Should I pardon them?
12The rich in that city are still cruel. The people there still tell lies. Yes, they tell their lies.
13So I have begun to punish you. I will destroy you because of your sins.
14You will eat, but you will not become full. You will still be hungry and empty. You will try to bring people to safety, but people with swords will kill the people you rescued.
15You will plant your seeds, but you will not gather food. You will try to squeeze oil from your olives, but you will not get any oil. You will crush your grapes, but you will not get enough juice to have wine to drink.
16This is because you obey the laws of Omri. You do all the evil things that Ahab’s family does. You follow their teachings, so I will let you be destroyed. People will whistle in amazement when they see your destroyed city. Then you will bear the shame that the other nations bring to you.”
7Chapter

Micah Is Upset at the Evil People Do

1I am upset because I am like fruit that has been gathered, like grapes that have already been picked. There are no grapes left to eat. There are none of the early figs that I love.
2By this I mean that all the faithful people are gone. There are no good people left. Everyone is planning to kill someone. Everyone is trying to trap their brother.
3People are good at doing bad things with both hands. Officials ask for bribes. Judges take money to change their decisions in court. “Important leaders” do whatever they want to do.
4Even the best of them is as crooked as a tangled thornbush.

The Day of Punishment Is Coming

4Your prophets said this day would come, and the day of your watchmen has come. Now you will be punished. Now you will be confused!
5Don’t trust your neighbor or trust a friend! Don’t even speak freely with your wife.
6Your enemies will be the people in your own house. A son will not honor his father. A daughter will turn against her mother. A daughter-in-law will turn against her mother-in-law.

The Lord Is the Savior

7So I will look to the Lord for help. I will wait for God to save me. My God will hear me.
8I have fallen, but enemy, don’t laugh at me! I will get up again. I sit in darkness now, but the Lord will be a light for me.

The Lord Forgives

9I sinned against the Lord, so he was angry with me. But he will argue my case for me in court. He will do what is right for me. Then he will bring me out into the light, and I will see that he is right.
10My enemy said to me, “Where is the Lord your God?” But my enemy will see this, and she will be ashamed. At that time I will laugh at her. People will walk over her, like mud in the streets.

The Jews to Return

11The time will come when your walls will be rebuilt. At that time the country will grow.
12Your people will come back to your land. They will come back from Assyria and from the cities of Egypt. They will come from Egypt and from the other side of the Euphrates River. They will come from the sea in the west and from the mountains in the east.
13The land was ruined by the people who lived there and by what they did.
14So rule your people with your rod. Rule the flock of people who belong to you. That flock lives alone in the woods and up on Mount Carmel. That flock lives in Bashan and Gilead as they did in the past.

Israel Will Defeat Its Enemies

15I did many miracles when I took you out of Egypt. I will let you see more miracles like that.
16The nations will see those miracles, and they will be ashamed. They will see that their “power” is nothing compared to mine. They will be amazed and put their hands over their mouths. They will cover their ears and refuse to listen.
17They will crawl in the dust like a snake. They will shake with fear. They will be like insects crawling from their holes in the ground and coming to the Lord our God. God, they will fear and respect you!

Praise for the Lord

18There is no God like you. You take away people’s guilt. God will forgive his people who survive. He will not stay angry with them forever, because he enjoys being kind.
19He will come back and comfort us again. He will throw all our sins into the deep sea.
20God, please be true to Jacob. Be kind and loyal to Abraham, as you promised our ancestors long ago.
Study
Chapter 7
CSB

What About the Crusades?

In a speech at Georgetown University, former president Bill Clinton claimed that the current increase of Islamic terrorist activity, such as 9/11, is a consequence of the Christian Crusades which occurred almost a thousand years ago. Ask about the Crusades and you will probably be told something like, “They were wars of unprovoked aggression by Christian nations against a peaceful Muslim world. The Christians were interested in gaining riches and land.” In worst-case scenarios, people reject Christianity because they’ve been told that Christian Crusaders murdered Muslims for profit and gain. They conclude that Christianity is a violent religion.

First, and foremost, it must be remembered that Christianity did not originate in the Crusades; it began on the cross of Jesus Christ. Even if the Crusaders performed horrific acts of violence and murder, these acts do not undercut the truth of Christianity nor change its essence. At most the Crusades illustrate that sinful and fallen people are capable of wrongfully using the name of Christ for personal gain.

But the Crusades were not just about gaining wealth and land. One must consider the historical context to more fully understanding the motivations of the Crusaders. The Crusades were not acts of unprovoked aggression by Christians against the Islamic world, but were a delayed response to centuries of Muslim aggression. From the very beginning of the Islamic religion Muslims sought to conquer the Christian world. In fact, the first three hundred years of Islam can be described as a period of military conquest. Muslim armies conquered all of North Africa, the Middle East, Asia Minor (modern Turkey), and most of Spain. Christian Europe had to defend itself or else be overcome by Islamic invasion. As Muslim forces pressed into Europe, Pope Urban II in AD 1095 called for the First Crusade in response to pleas of help from the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople (now called Istanbul).

In other words, the Crusades were a defensive war, not an aggressive grab for land and loot. In fact, crusading was an expensive and costly endeavor. After the success of the First Crusade nearly all the Crusaders went home. Virtually none of them recovered the cost of crusading. If one wanted to get rich, crusading was definitely not the best route to make it happen.

Many atrocities occurred in the Crusades. Understandably, war can bring out the worst in people. Even during World War II some American soldiers committed atrocities, but this does not mean the war was conducted so soldiers could commit crimes. As for the Crusades, Christians have rightly condemned the wrongs that many of the Crusaders committed.

In summary, the Crusades were not about wars of unprovoked Christian aggression against a peaceful Muslim world, neither were they motivated by a quest for riches and land. The Crusades were defensive wars that aimed to stop Muslim military advancement. The West today enjoys religious freedom and democracy because the Christian nations prevailed.

God wants his people to care about justice. As the Prophet Micah reminds us, “Mankind, he has told each of you what is good and what it is the LORD requires of you: to act justly, to love faithfulness, and to walk humbly with your God” (Mc 6:8).

ESV

Consequences of Disobedience: Social Upheaval. In light of the curses (6:13–15), Micah laments the loss of godliness (7:1–4) and the grave disloyalty even among the closest of family members (vv. 5–6). The unit concludes with a declaration of hope in God’s salvation (v. 7).

ESV

summer fruit has been gathered … grapes have been gleaned. … The godly has perished. In gleaning the fields of the summer harvest, one expects to find leftovers. Micah’s search yields no remainder—i.e., no godly remnant—only sorrow and futility (Isa. 17:6; Mic. 6:14–15).

ESV

The “asking” of the prince and judge and “uttering” of the great man highlight the unrelenting demands of corrupt leadership.

ESV

day of your watchmen. As the lookout on the city wall warned of approaching danger, so the prophet announced the approaching judgment (Ezek. 3:16–21; 33:7–9; Hos. 9:8). your punishment … their confusion. The referents may be the notables of Mic. 7:3. The confusion is illuminated by the examples that follow (vv. 5–6).

ESV

Both societal and familial relationships have disintegrated in a city under siege. daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. Cf. Matt. 10:35–36.

ESV

But as for me contrasts Micah with the unfaithful leaders of vv. 3–4 (cf. 3:8), while I will look identifies Micah with the watchmen of 7:4. “Look” and “watchmen” are forms of the same Hebrew verb. I will wait … my God will hear me. This unit, which began with a cry of mourning (vv. 1–2), ends with the quiet confidence that God will act.

ESV

Zion’s Repentance and Renewed Faith in Yahweh’s Help. Zion’s humiliation is affirmed to be both God’s just judgment and his gracious liberation as the roles with the enemy are reversed. The speakers are not identified but are probably personified cities.

ESV

I fall … rise … I sit in darkness … light. The city is likened to a prisoner of war, near death and in a dungeon of gloom, yet the Lord provides the sure hope of freedom.

ESV

indignation of the LORD … he pleads my cause. The city recognizes that it suffers the Lord’s judgment because of its sin, but now sees the Lord as its advocate in a court case (see note on 6:1–2). out to the light … his vindication. The rightness and justice of the Lord’s action are “seen” in the freeing of the prisoner and the shaming of the enemy. Both sides will “see” it.

ESV

shame will cover. … My eyes will look upon her. A reversal of roles takes place: those nations that earlier desired to “see” Zion defiled (4:11) are now open to public scorn. Where is the LORD your God? This taunting question disputes not God’s existence but his ability to save his people from distress.

ESV

Three activities of that future day bind these verses together. (1) building … walls. The enemy “now trampled” (v. 10) contrasts with the rising security (cf. v. 8) of Zion’s walls. (2) boundary … extended. Beyond security, there is a promise of territorial expansion (Ex. 23:31; Isa. 26:15; 54:2–3). (3) They will come refers to the gathered remnant (Isa. 11:11–12; Zech. 10:9–10) and the nations (Mic. 4:1–2; Zech. 14:16). Assyria … Egypt … sea … mountain. These geographical entities express the extensive scope of salvation going out to all the Gentiles.

ESV

desolate. In this summary expression of the eschatological picture, safety is found only within Jerusalem’s wide and secure borders. Outside there is only a wasteland.

ESV

Restoration of the Relationship between Israel and Yahweh. This section begins with a prayer that, in shepherding his flock, the Lord will silence the nations (vv. 14–17). The final words of the prophecy focus on the Lord’s faithfulness and compassion expressed in the restoration of the covenant relationship (vv. 18–20).

ESV

Shepherd your people … your inheritance is a request that Israel’s sole possessor would feed and protect the nation (Deut. 32:9; Ps. 28:9; 78:70–71). Bashan and Gilead. These fertile areas east of the Jordan were among the first lands that Israel gained (Josh. 13:19–31) and the first lands lost (2 Kings 10:32–33; Jer. 50:19).

ESV

This statement is the literary “center” of vv. 14–17. The Lord has acted in the past, and he will do so again. when you came out. The people of God in all ages are included in the deliverance from Egypt (cf. Deut. 5:3). marvelous things. This term is associated with the Lord’s acts before Pharaoh (Ex. 3:20).

ESV

see and be ashamed. “Sight and shame” describe what the nations experience when they observe God’s power (cf. v. 10). the LORD our God. The shepherd of v. 14 is now identified. fear. The similar sound and spelling of “graze” (Hb. yir‘u, v. 14), “see” (Hb. yir’u, v. 16), and “fear” (Hb. yire’u, v. 17) clarify the interaction of the Lord with Israel and the nations. God’s people are fed, and the nations fear (cf. Ex. 15:14–16).

ESV

Who is a God like you …? The question underscores the peerless nature of the God who defends and pardons his people (Ex. 15:11; Deut. 3:24; Ps. 35:10; 89:5–8; cf. Mic. 7:10). because he delights in steadfast love. This provides the basis for why God forgives and relents of his anger. The divine and prophetic confrontation as a result of Israel’s sin (1:5; 3:8) yields to the feeding (7:14) and forgiving of his inheritance (Jer. 50:17–20).

ESV

cast … into the depths. As God cast Pharaoh’s armies into the sea (Ex. 15:4), so he will deal decisively with the sins of his people (cf. Jer. 31:34).

ESV

faithfulness … steadfast love … you have sworn. The book rightly concludes by summarizing the foundational attributes and actions of the covenant-keeping Lord (Ex. 34:6–7; Deut. 4:31; 7:12). the days of old. God’s character (his steadfast love) moves him to keep his word (his faithfulness), and thus the old promises to our fathers (Abraham and Jacob) still stand.