Micah

1Chapter

Samaria and Israel to Be Punished

1During the time that Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah, the word of the Lord came to Micah. Micah was from Moresheth. He saw these visions about Samaria and Jerusalem. 2Listen, all you people! Earth and everyone on it, listen! The Lord God will be a witness against you. The Lord will come from his holy temple.
3See, the Lord is leaving his place to come down and walk on the high places of the earth.
4The mountains will melt under him like wax in a fire. The valleys will break apart and slide like water rushing down a hill.
5This will happen because of Jacob’s sin, because of the sins of the nation of Israel.

Samaria, the Cause of Sin

5What caused Jacob to sin? It was Samaria. Where is the high place in Judah? It is Jerusalem.
6So I will change Samaria into a pile of rocks in the field, a place ready for planting grapes. I will push Samaria’s stones down into the valley, leaving nothing but the foundations.
7All her idols will be broken to pieces. And the offerings to her idols will be burned. I will destroy all her statues of false gods, because she got them as pay for being a prostitute. So those things will be taken away to be used again for paying prostitutes.

Micah’s Great Sadness

8I will be very sad about what will happen. I will go without sandals and clothes. I will cry like a dog. I will mourn like a bird.
9Samaria’s wound cannot be healed. Her disease has spread to Judah. It has reached the city gate of my people; it has spread all the way to Jerusalem.
10Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t cry in Acco. Roll yourself in the dust at Beth Ophrah.
11You people living in Shaphir, pass on your way, naked and ashamed. The people living in Zaanan will not come out. The people in Beth Ezel will cry and take their support from you.
12The people living in Maroth wait for something good to happen, even though trouble has come down from the Lord and has reached the city gate of Jerusalem.
13You people living in Lachish, get the horses ready for your chariots. You are guilty of the same sins Israel committed, and you brought those sins to Jerusalem.
14So you must give goodbye gifts to Moresheth in Gath. The houses in Aczib will trick the kings of Israel.
15You people who live in Mareshah, I will bring someone against you who will take the things you own. The Glory of Israel will come into Adullam.
16So cut off your hair, make yourself bald, because you will cry for the children you love. Make yourself bald like an eagle and show your sadness, because your children will be taken away from you.
2Chapter

The Evil Plans of People

1Trouble will come to those who make plans to sin. They lie on their beds making their evil plans. Then when the morning light comes, they do what they planned, because they have the power to do what they want.
2They want fields, so they take them. They want houses, so they take them. They cheat a man and take his house and his land.

The Lord’s Plans to Punish the People

3That is why the Lord says: “Look, I am planning trouble against this family. You will not be able to save yourselves. You will stop being proud, because bad times are coming.
4Then people will sing songs about you. They will sing this sad song: ‘We are ruined! The Lord took away our land and gave it to other people. Yes, he took my land away from me. He has divided our fields among our enemies.
5So we will not be able to measure the land and divide it among the Lord’s people.’”

Micah Is Asked Not to Prophesy

6The people say, “Don’t prophesy to us. Don’t say those bad things about us. Nothing bad will happen to us.”
7But people of Jacob, I must say these things. The Lord is losing his patience because of the bad things you did. If you lived right, I could say nice words to you.
8But you attack my people like enemies. You steal the clothes off the backs of people walking by. They think they are safe, but you are there to treat them like prisoners of war.
9You have taken nice houses away from the women of my people. You have taken my wealth away from their small children forever.
10Get up and leave! This will not be your place of rest, because you ruined it. You made it unclean, so it will be destroyed! It will be a terrible destruction!
11These people don’t want to listen to me. But if a man comes telling lies, they will accept him. They would accept a false prophet if he comes and says, “There will be good times in the future, with plenty of wine and beer.”

The Lord Will Bring His People Together

12Yes, people of Jacob, I will bring all of you together. I will bring together all those in Israel who are still living. I will put them together like sheep in the sheep pen, like a flock in its pasture. Then the place will be filled with the noise of many people.
13The “One Who Breaks Through Walls” will push through and walk to the front of his people. They will break through the gates and leave that city. They will leave with their king marching before them— with the Lord at the front of his people.
3Chapter

The Leaders of Israel Are Guilty of Evil

1Then I said, “Listen, leaders of Jacob and officers of the nation of Israel! You should know what justice is.
2But you hate good and love evil. You tear the skin off the people and tear the flesh off their bones.
3You are destroying my people. You take their skin off them and break their bones. You chop their bones up like meat to put in the pot!
4Then you will pray to the Lord, but he will not answer you. No, he will hide his face from you, because what you do is evil.”

False Prophets

5“These prophets are led by their stomachs. They promise peace for those who give them food, but they promise war to those who do not give them food.
6“This is why it is like night for you and you don’t have visions. You cannot see what will happen in the future, so it is like darkness to you. The sun has gone down on the prophets. They cannot see what will happen in the future, so it is like darkness to them.
7The seers are ashamed. The fortunetellers are embarrassed. None of them will say anything, because God will not speak to them.”

Micah Is an Honest Prophet of God

8But the Lord’s Spirit has filled me with power, goodness, and strength. So I can tell Jacob about his crimes, and so I can tell Israel about his sins!

The Leaders of Israel Are to Blame

9Leaders of Jacob and rulers of Israel, listen to me! You hate the right way of living! If something is straight, then you make it crooked!
10You build Zion by murdering people. You build Jerusalem by cheating people!
11The judges in Jerusalem accept bribes to help them decide who wins in court. The priests in Jerusalem must be paid before they will teach the people. People must pay the prophets before they will look into the future. Then those leaders expect the Lord to help them. They say, “The Lord lives here with us, so nothing bad will happen to us.”
12Leaders, because of you, Zion will be destroyed. It will become a plowed field. Jerusalem will become a pile of rocks. Temple Mount will be an empty hill overgrown with bushes.
4Chapter

The Law Will Come From Jerusalem

1In the last days the mountain of the Lord’s Temple will be on the highest of all mountains. It will be raised higher than the hills. There will be a steady stream of people going there.
2His teaching, the Lord’s message, will begin in Jerusalem on Mount Zion and will go out to all the world.
3Then God will act as judge to end arguments between people in many places. He will decide what is right for great nations far and near. They will stop using their weapons for war. They will hammer their swords into plows and use their spears to make tools for harvesting. All fighting between nations will end. They will never again train for war.
4They will sit under their own grapevine and fig tree. No one will make them afraid. That is because the Lord All-Powerful said it would happen like that.
5All the people from other nations follow their own gods, but we will follow the Lord our God forever and ever!

The Kingdom to Be Brought Back

6The Lord says, “Jerusalem was hurt and crippled. She was thrown away. She was hurt and punished, but I will bring her back to me.
7“The people of that ‘crippled’ city will be the only ones left alive. They were forced to leave, but I will make them into a strong nation.” The Lord will be their king. He will rule from Mount Zion forever.
8And you, Tower of Flocks, your time will come. Ophel, hill of Zion, you will again have the right to rule. Yes, the kingdom will be in Jerusalem as it was in the past.

Why Must the Israelites Go to Babylon?

9Now, why are you crying so loudly? Is your king gone? Have you lost your wise leader? Is that why you are suffering like a woman in labor?
10Cry out, you people of Jerusalem, and feel the pain, as if you were giving birth. You must go out of the city and live in the fields. You will go away to Babylon, but you will also be saved from that place. The Lord will come and rescue you there. He will take you away from your enemies.

The Lord Will Destroy the Other Nations

11Many nations have come to fight against you. They say, “Look, there is Zion! Let’s attack her!”
12They have their plans, but they don’t know what the Lord is planning. He brought them here for a special purpose. They will be crushed like grain on a threshing floor.

Israel Will Defeat Its Enemies

13“People of Jerusalem, get up and crush them! I will make you very strong. It will be as if you have horns of iron and hooves of bronze. You will beat many people into small pieces. You will give their wealth to the Lord. You will give their treasure to the Lord of all the earth.”
5Chapter
1Now strong city, gather your soldiers! They are surrounding us for the attack! They will hit the Judge of Israel on the cheek with a stick.

The Messiah to Be Born in Bethlehem

2But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, are the smallest town in Judah. Your family is almost too small to count, but the “Ruler of Israel” will come from you to rule for me. His beginnings are from ancient times, from long, long ago.
3The Lord will let his people be defeated until the woman gives birth to her child, the promised king. Then the rest of his brothers will come back to join the people of Israel.
4He will begin to rule Israel in the power of the Lord. Like a shepherd, he will lead his people in the wonderful name of the Lord his God. And they will live in safety because then his greatness will be known all over the world.
5Yes, the Assyrian army will come into our country and march through our land. But we have plenty of leaders we can send against them.
6With swords in hand our leaders will defeat the Assyrians and rule the land of Nimrod. They will save us from the Assyrians when they come into our land and march through our territory.
7But those from Jacob who are still living and scattered among the nations will be like dew from the Lord that does not depend on anyone. They will be like rain on the grass that does not wait for anyone.
8Those from Jacob who are still living are scattered among the nations. But they will be like a lion among the animals in the forest. They will be like a young lion among flocks of sheep. If the lion passes through, he goes where he wants to go. If he attacks an animal, no one can save it. The survivors will be like that.
9You will lift your hand against your enemies, and you will destroy them.

People Will Depend on God

10The Lord says, “At that time I will take away your horses, and I will destroy your chariots.
11I will destroy the cities in your country. I will pull down all your fortresses.
12You will no longer try to do magic. You will have no more fortunetellers.
13I will destroy your statues of false gods. I will pull down your memorial stones. You will not worship what your hands have made.
14I will destroy the Asherah poles and your false gods.
15Some nations will not listen to me, but I will show my anger and get my revenge.”
6Chapter

The Lord’s Complaint

1Now hear what the Lord says: “Present your argument to the mountains. Let the hills hear your story.
2The Lord has a complaint against his people. Mountains, listen to the Lord’s complaint. Foundations of the earth, hear the Lord. He will prove that Israel is wrong!”
3He says, “My people, tell me what I did! Did I do something wrong against you? Did I make life too hard for you?
4I will tell you what I did. I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam to you. I brought you from the land of Egypt. I freed you from slavery.
5My people, remember the evil plans of Balak king of Moab. Remember what Balaam son of Beor said to Balak. Remember what happened from Acacia to Gilgal, and you will know the Lord is right!”

What Does God Want From Us?

6What must I bring when I come to meet with the Lord? What must I do when I bow down to God above? Should I come to him with burnt offerings and a year-old calf?
7Will the Lord be pleased with a thousand rams or with ten thousand rivers of oil? Should I offer him my first child to pay for my wrongs? Should I sacrifice my very own child for my sins?
8Human, the Lord has told you what goodness is. This is what he wants from you: Be fair to other people. Love kindness and loyalty, and humbly obey your God.

What Were the Israelites Doing?

9The Lord shouts to the city: “A wise person respects the Lord’s name. So pay attention to the punishing rod and to the one who uses it!
10Do the wicked still hide treasures that they have stolen? Do they still cheat people with baskets that are too small? Yes, all of this is still happening!
11Some people carry special weights that they use to cheat people when they weigh their goods. Should I pardon them?
12The rich in that city are still cruel. The people there still tell lies. Yes, they tell their lies.
13So I have begun to punish you. I will destroy you because of your sins.
14You will eat, but you will not become full. You will still be hungry and empty. You will try to bring people to safety, but people with swords will kill the people you rescued.
15You will plant your seeds, but you will not gather food. You will try to squeeze oil from your olives, but you will not get any oil. You will crush your grapes, but you will not get enough juice to have wine to drink.
16This is because you obey the laws of Omri. You do all the evil things that Ahab’s family does. You follow their teachings, so I will let you be destroyed. People will whistle in amazement when they see your destroyed city. Then you will bear the shame that the other nations bring to you.”
7Chapter

Micah Is Upset at the Evil People Do

1I am upset because I am like fruit that has been gathered, like grapes that have already been picked. There are no grapes left to eat. There are none of the early figs that I love.
2By this I mean that all the faithful people are gone. There are no good people left. Everyone is planning to kill someone. Everyone is trying to trap their brother.
3People are good at doing bad things with both hands. Officials ask for bribes. Judges take money to change their decisions in court. “Important leaders” do whatever they want to do.
4Even the best of them is as crooked as a tangled thornbush.

The Day of Punishment Is Coming

4Your prophets said this day would come, and the day of your watchmen has come. Now you will be punished. Now you will be confused!
5Don’t trust your neighbor or trust a friend! Don’t even speak freely with your wife.
6Your enemies will be the people in your own house. A son will not honor his father. A daughter will turn against her mother. A daughter-in-law will turn against her mother-in-law.

The Lord Is the Savior

7So I will look to the Lord for help. I will wait for God to save me. My God will hear me.
8I have fallen, but enemy, don’t laugh at me! I will get up again. I sit in darkness now, but the Lord will be a light for me.

The Lord Forgives

9I sinned against the Lord, so he was angry with me. But he will argue my case for me in court. He will do what is right for me. Then he will bring me out into the light, and I will see that he is right.
10My enemy said to me, “Where is the Lord your God?” But my enemy will see this, and she will be ashamed. At that time I will laugh at her. People will walk over her, like mud in the streets.

The Jews to Return

11The time will come when your walls will be rebuilt. At that time the country will grow.
12Your people will come back to your land. They will come back from Assyria and from the cities of Egypt. They will come from Egypt and from the other side of the Euphrates River. They will come from the sea in the west and from the mountains in the east.
13The land was ruined by the people who lived there and by what they did.
14So rule your people with your rod. Rule the flock of people who belong to you. That flock lives alone in the woods and up on Mount Carmel. That flock lives in Bashan and Gilead as they did in the past.

Israel Will Defeat Its Enemies

15I did many miracles when I took you out of Egypt. I will let you see more miracles like that.
16The nations will see those miracles, and they will be ashamed. They will see that their “power” is nothing compared to mine. They will be amazed and put their hands over their mouths. They will cover their ears and refuse to listen.
17They will crawl in the dust like a snake. They will shake with fear. They will be like insects crawling from their holes in the ground and coming to the Lord our God. God, they will fear and respect you!

Praise for the Lord

18There is no God like you. You take away people’s guilt. God will forgive his people who survive. He will not stay angry with them forever, because he enjoys being kind.
19He will come back and comfort us again. He will throw all our sins into the deep sea.
20God, please be true to Jacob. Be kind and loyal to Abraham, as you promised our ancestors long ago.
Study
Chapter 3
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The Present Injustice and the Future Prospect of Just Rule in Jerusalem. The second section focuses on the corrupt leadership in the house of Israel (3:1–12); Jerusalem’s restoration among the nations is promised (4:1–7) and accomplished (4:8–5:15).

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Present Leaders Denounced. The abuse of power (vv. 1–4) and flagrant misuse of prophetic office (vv. 5–8) is followed by a general indictment of the leadership, followed by the sentence (vv. 9–12).

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Judgment against the Heads of Jacob. Micah describes the depraved character of the civil leaders using the gruesome imagery of cannibalism.

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a Is it not for you to know justice? Delighting in God’s law and discerning what is right should be the joy of those given judicial responsibility (Isa. 5:20).

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b–3 tear … eat … flay … break … chop. The imagery of cannibalism is used to symbolize the destructive violence of the leaders against the oppressed (cf. Ps. 14:4; 27:2; Prov. 30:14; Isa. 9:19–21).

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he will not answer … he will hide his face. In just retribution (see notes on 2:3; 2:4), those who would not hear the cries of the people will now find that God will not hear them. God’s silence is part of their sentence.

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Judgment against the Prophets. Micah rebukes the false prophets (cf. 2:11). Just as civil leaders will receive no answer from the Lord, so erring prophets will receive no vision.

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when they have something to eat (lit., “who bite [Hb. nashak] with their teeth”). The verb in this form generally refers to the deadly bite of a serpent (Gen. 49:17; Num. 21:6); in another form it refers to lending money with interest (Deut. 23:19–20). Peace … war. Thus, profit-seeking prophets proclaim that all is well with the world, as long as they receive what they ask for.

ESV

darkness (Hb. khashak) to you. The “biting” (Hb. nashak, v. 5) of the false prophets results in “blindness.” no answer from God. As with the civil leaders (cf. v. 4), God’s silence is part of their sentence.

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But as for me distinguishes Micah and his unpopular message from that of the false prophets. to declare. The true prophet is filled with (i.e., empowered by) the Spirit of the LORD.

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Judgment against the Heads of Jacob. This climactic third oracle of judgment adds priests to the previously addressed civil rulers (vv. 1–4) and false prophets (vv. 5–8).

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detest justice. The rulers were meant to know and do justice (cf. vv. 1, 8), but instead they find it abhorrent. make crooked. Leaders who “hate the good and love the evil” (v. 2) continue that pattern with twisted judicial decisions.

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The heads … priests … prophets (all the main groups of leaders) give desired results in exchange for compensation. lean on the LORD. Profession of faith without justice is lifeless (James 2:14–18). No disaster. There is no basis for their confidence that they will escape that which the Lord has appointed (Mic. 1:12; 2:3).

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This verse is quoted in Jer. 26:16–19. because of you. As the leaders had built Jerusalem with injustice and violent acts (Mic. 3:10), so they are responsible for its “unbuilding.” mountain of the house. This sets up a contrast with “mountain of the house of the LORD” (4:1). The temple without the Lord’s presence becomes simply a structure on a hill.