Joel

1Chapter

Locusts Will Destroy the Crops

1Joel son of Pethuel received this message from the Lord:
2Leaders, listen to this message! Listen to me, all you people who live in the land. Has anything like this ever happened in your life? Did anything like this happen during your fathers’ lifetime?
3You will tell these things to your children, and your children will tell their children, and your grandchildren will tell the people of the next generation.
4What the cutting locust has left, the swarming locust has eaten. And what the swarming locust has left, the hopping locust has eaten. And what the hopping locust has left, the destroying locust has eaten!

The Locusts—A Powerful Army

5Drunks, wake up and cry! All of you who drink wine, cry because your sweet wine is finished. You will not taste it again.
6A powerful nation came to attack my land. Its soldiers were too many to count. Its weapons were as sharp as a lion’s teeth and as powerful as a lion’s jaw.
7It destroyed my grapevine. Its good vines withered and died. It destroyed my fig tree, stripped off the bark and threw it away.

The People Cry

8Cry like a young woman crying because the man she was ready to marry has died.
9Priests, servants of the Lord, cry because there will be no more grain and drink offerings in the Lord’s Temple.
10The fields are ruined. Even the ground is crying because the grain is destroyed; the new wine is dried up, and the olive oil is gone.
11Be sad, farmers! Cry loudly for the grapes, for the wheat, and for the barley, because the harvest in the field is ruined.
12The vines have become dry, and the fig tree is dying. All the trees in the field— the pomegranate, the palm, and the apple—have withered. And happiness among the people has died.
13Priests, put on sackcloth and cry loudly. Servants of the altar, cry loudly. Servants of my God, you will sleep in sackcloth, because there will be no more grain and drink offerings in God’s Temple.

The Terrible Destruction of the Locusts

14Tell the people that there will be a special time of fasting. Call them together for a special meeting. Bring the leaders and everyone living in the land together at the Temple of the Lord your God, and pray to the Lord.
15Be sad because the Lord’s special day is near. At that time punishment will come like an attack from God All-Powerful. 16Our food is gone. Joy and happiness are gone from the Temple of our God. 17We planted seeds, but the seeds became dry and dead lying in the soil. Our plants are dry and dead. Our barns are empty and falling down.
18The animals are hungry and groaning. The herds of cattle wander around confused because they have no grass to eat. The sheep are dying. 19Lord, I am calling to you for help. Fire has changed our green fields into a desert. Flames have burned all the trees in the field. 20Wild animals also need your help. The streams are dry—there is no water! Fire has changed our green fields into a desert.
2Chapter

The Coming Day of the Lord

1Blow the trumpet on Zion. Shout a warning on my holy mountain. Let all the people who live in the land shake with fear. The Lord’s special day is coming; it is near.
2It will be a dark, gloomy day. It will be a dark and cloudy day. At sunrise you will see the army spread over the mountains. It will be a great and powerful army. There has never been anything like it before, and there will never be anything like it again.
3The army will destroy the land like a burning fire. In front of them the land will be like the Garden of Eden. Behind them the land will be like an empty desert. Nothing will escape them.
4They look like horses. They run like war horses.
5Listen to them. It is like the noise of chariots riding over the mountains. It is like the noise of flames burning the chaff. They are a powerful people, who are ready for war.
6Before this army, people shake with fear. Their faces become pale from fear.
7The soldiers run fast. They climb over the walls. Each soldier marches straight ahead. They don’t move from their path.
8They don’t trip each other. Each soldier walks in his own path. If one of the soldiers is hit and falls down, the others keep right on marching.
9They run to the city. They quickly climb over the wall. They climb into the houses. They climb through the windows like thieves.
10Before them, earth and sky shake. The sun and the moon become dark, and the stars stop shining.
11The Lord calls loudly to his army. His camp is very large. The army obeys his commands. His army is very powerful. The Lord’s special day is a great and terrible day. No one can stop it.

The Lord Tells the People to Change

12This is the Lord’s message: “Now come back to me with all your heart. Cry and mourn, and don’t eat anything! Show that you are sad for doing wrong.
13Tear your hearts, not your clothes. ” Come back to the Lord your God. He is kind and merciful. He does not become angry quickly. He has great love. Maybe he will change his mind about the bad punishment he planned.
14Who knows, maybe he will change his mind and leave behind a blessing for you. Then you can give grain and drink offerings to the Lord your God.

Pray to the Lord

15Blow the trumpet at Zion. Call for a special meeting. Call for a special time of fasting.
16Bring the people together. Call for a special meeting. Bring together the old men, the children, and the small babies still at their mothers’ breasts. Let the bride and her new husband come from their bedroom.
17Let the priests, the Lord’s servants, cry between the porch and the altar. All of them should say this: “Lord, have mercy on your people. Don’t let your people be put to shame. Don’t let other people tell jokes about your people. Don’t let the other nations laugh at us and say, ‘Where is their God?’”

The Lord Will Restore the Land

18Then the Lord cared very much about his land. He felt sorry for his people.
19The Lord spoke to his people. He said, “I will send you grain, wine, and oil. You will have plenty. I will not shame you among the nations anymore.
20No, I will force the people from the north to leave your land and make them go into a dry, empty land. Some of them will go to the eastern sea and some to the western sea. They did such terrible things, but they will be like a dead and rotting body. There will be such a terrible smell!”

The Land Will Be Made New Again

21Land, don’t be afraid. Be happy and full of joy. The Lord will do great things.
22Animals of the field, don’t be afraid. The desert pastures will grow grass. The trees will grow fruit. The fig trees and the vines will grow plenty of fruit.
23So be happy, people of Zion. Be joyful in the Lord your God. He is good and will give you rain. He will send the early rains and the late rains as before.
24The threshing floors will be filled with wheat, and the barrels will overflow with wine and olive oil.
25“I, the Lord, sent my army against you. The swarming locusts and the hopping locusts and the destroying locusts and the cutting locusts ate everything you had. But I will pay you back for those years of trouble.
26Then you will have plenty to eat. You will be full. You will praise the name of the Lord your God. He has done wonderful things for you. My people will never again be ashamed.
27You will know that I am with Israel. You will know that I am the Lord your God. There is no other God. My people will never be ashamed again.”

God Will Give His Spirit to All People

28“After this, I will pour out my Spirit on all kinds of people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will have dreams, and your young men will see visions.
29In those days I will pour out my Spirit even on servants, both men and women.
30I will work wonders in the sky and on the earth. There will be blood, fire, and thick smoke.
31The sun will be changed into darkness, and the moon will be as red as blood. Then the great and fearful day of the Lord will come!
32And everyone who trusts in the Lord will be saved. There will be survivors on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, just as the Lord said. Yes, those left alive will be the ones the Lord has called.
3Chapter

Judah’s Enemies Will Be Punished

1“Yes, at that time I will bring back the people of Judah and Jerusalem from captivity. 2I will also gather all the nations together. I will bring all these nations down into Jehoshaphat Valley. There I will judge them. Those nations scattered my people, Israel. They forced them to live in other nations, so I will punish those nations. They divided up my land. 3They threw lots for my people. They sold boys to buy a prostitute, and they sold girls to buy wine to drink.
4“Tyre! Sidon! All of you areas of Philistia! You are not important to me! Are you punishing me for something I did? You might think that you are punishing me, but I will soon punish you. 5You took my silver and gold. You took my precious treasures and put them in your temples.
6“You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem to the Greeks. That way you could take them far from their land. 7You sent my people to that faraway place, but I will bring them back. And I will punish you for what you did. 8I will sell your sons and daughters to the people of Judah. Then they will sell them to the faraway Sabeans. ” This is what the Lord said.

Prepare for War

9Announce this among the nations: Prepare for war! Wake up the strong men! Let all the men of war come near. Let them come up!
10Beat your plows into swords. Make spears from your pruning hooks. Let the weak man say, “I am a strong soldier.”
11All you nations, hurry! Come together in that place. Lord, bring your strong soldiers.
12Wake up, nations! Come to Jehoshaphat Valley. There I will sit to judge all the surrounding nations.
13Bring the sickle, because the harvest is ripe. Come, walk on the grapes, because the winepress is full. The barrels will be full and spilling over, because their evil is great.
14There are many, many people in the Valley of Decision. The Lord’s special day is near in the Valley of Decision.
15The sun and the moon will become dark. The stars will stop shining.
16The Lord God will shout from Zion. He will shout from Jerusalem, and the sky and the earth will shake. But the Lord God will be a safe place for his people. He will be a place of safety for the people of Israel.
17“Then you will know that I am the Lord your God. I live on Zion, my holy mountain. Jerusalem will become holy. Strangers will never pass through that city again.

A New Life for Judah Promised

18“On that day the mountains will drip with sweet wine. The hills will flow with milk, and water will flow through all the empty rivers of Judah. A fountain will come from the Lord’s Temple. It will give water to Acacia Valley.
19Egypt will be empty. Edom will be an empty wilderness, because they were cruel to the people of Judah. They killed innocent people in their country.
20But there will always be people living in Judah. People will live in Jerusalem through many generations.
21Those people killed my people, so I really will punish them!” The Lord God will live in Zion!
Study
Chapter 1
ESV

The Judgment against Judah and the Day of the Lord. This first part of Joel introduces the Lord’s judgment in the form of a locust infestation, drought, and the coming of a great army. These events on the “day of the LORD” are followed by a call to seek the Lord.

ESV

Locust Invasion: Forerunner of the Day of the Lord. The first unit (vv. 1–14) describes the devastation that has come upon Judah, providing the reason for the call to lament in the second unit (vv. 15–20).

ESV

The word … came to. (See Hos. 1:1; Jonah 1:1; Mic. 1:1; Zeph. 1:1; Zech. 1:1.) This message has a divine source, and the prophet is given the privilege and responsibility of bearing that message to his hearers.

ESV

Elders (see v. 14; 2:16) likely refers to older members of the community rather than a formal office (cf. 2:28; but see also note on 1 Sam. 4:3). Commands are imparted to a wide range of groups (elders, drunkards, priests, farmers) within the community. Verses 2 and 14 of Joel 1 set limits for the first subsection (vv. 2–14) as each mentions “elders” and all inhabitants.

ESV

Tell your children. The people of Judah should recount this to four generations (cf. Ex. 10:1–2, 4–6). The telling of the Lord’s great deeds and words occurs in the context of the covenant community (Ex. 13:8, 14; Deut. 4:9; 6:4–7, 20–21; Ps. 78:4–6).

ESV

The locust is a kind of grasshopper; under the right conditions they travel in large swarms and devastate all plant life in their path. cutting … swarming … hopping … destroying. Joel likely uses these terms as names for one kind of locust (perhaps in successive swarms), rather than four different types, in order to emphasize the totality of destruction (note the different sequence in 2:25). The Bible often uses four agents of destruction to stress utter devastation (cf. Jer. 15:2–3; Ezek. 14:21; Rev. 6:1–8; 9:15).

ESV

drunkards, drinkers of wine. Both groups, unaware of the coming chaos, must be aroused from their ignorance. They will have no sweet wine to drink when the locusts lay waste to the vines. Sweet wine was intoxicating, though its shorter fermentation time made it less so than wine fermented for a longer period.

ESV

Locusts are compared to a nation, equivalent to a great army (cf. Prov. 30:27; Jer. 5:15–17; Joel 2:25; Rev. 9:7). Armies are compared to locusts elsewhere in the OT (Judg. 6:5; 7:12; Isa. 33:4; Jer. 46:23; 51:14, 27) and other ancient Near Eastern texts.

ESV

The vine and fig tree are symbols of a prosperous and peaceful life for Israel (2 Kings 18:31; Mic. 4:4), which the Lord sees as his property. With the destruction of vine and fig tree, the validity of the “lions’ teeth” metaphor (Joel 1:6) becomes clear.

ESV

bridegroom of her youth. Or, “husband of her youth.” The people are called to a grief as deep as that of a betrothed virgin whose promised husband dies before the marriage is consummated. sackcloth. A garment of goat or camel hair worn during times of mourning, repentance, or fasting.

ESV

offering. Nothing is left for the offerings that accompany the daily burnt offering (Ex. 29:38–42; Lev. 23:13). priests mourn. Their loss is personal since they ate a portion of the offering.

ESV

ground mourns … oil languishes. Joel poetically personifies these things as experiencing grief. The presence of grain, wine, and oil is evidence of God’s covenant blessing (Deut. 7:13; 11:14; Joel 2:19, 24), and their absence is evidence of God’s judgment (Deut. 28:49–51; Hos. 2:8–9).

ESV

Be ashamed (Hb. hobishu) sounds like dries up (Hb. hobish, used to say that “wine dries up” in v. 10 and “gladness dries up” in v. 12; also Hb. hobishah, used to say the “vine dries up” in v. 12). The loss of harvest means a loss of joy.

ESV

This is the peak of this section, filled with specific commands to priests. The commands to put on and lament mimic the actions of the virgin (v. 8). The reason for the priests’ lament is that the offering is withheld.

ESV

Consecrate and gather are further tasks for the priests. a fast … cry out. OT fasts are undertaken as a sign of mourning, repentance, humility, and as a means of seeking God’s help, guidance, or forgiveness (Judg. 20:26; 1 Sam. 7:6; 2 Sam. 1:12; Ezra 8:21–23; Neh. 1:4; 9:1; Dan. 9:3).

CSB

Joel had a terrifying view of what he called “the day of the LORD.” He used terms like “Woe!” and “great and terrible” (2:31) to describe it. The expression “day of the LORD” is known from other prophets. Amos may have been the first to use it. He spoke of a time that the Israelites longed for without realizing its negative consequences for them. Apparently they thought it would be a time of “light” and “brightness,” whereas actually it was to be “darkness” and “gloom” (see note on Am 5:18-24). Both Joel and Amos mention a time of restoration after a period of judgment (Jl 3; Am 9), so that some will be saved from God’s wrath. Joel emphasized the salvation aspect with his proclamation that “everyone who calls on the name of LORD will be saved” (2:32).

For Joel the locust plague was so severe that he compared it to the coming day of the Lord. Only complete repentance on the part of the people could give the nation any hope that the Lord might turn back from the judgment it represented. The plague could bring about a destruction that, for all practical purposes, would seem like the final judgment.

ESV

These verses, forming the second unit of vv. 1–20, comprise the content of the communal “cry” mentioned in v. 14.

ESV

The day of the LORD (see Introduction: Key Themes) is a major theme in Joel; it can refer both to the particular devastation of the locusts (v. 15) and to a final vindication of God and his people (3:18–21). It can refer to a day of destruction and threat for Israel (2:1, 11), or for the nations (3:14). However, for God’s people, it is also associated with his presence (2:27), blessing (3:18), and salvation (2:31–32; 3:16). For more on “the day of the Lord,” see note on Amos 5:18–20; and The Day of the Lord in the Prophets. destruction … Almighty. Joel uses an alliteration with the Hebrew words shod … Shadday (see esv footnote), which suggests that the wordplay implies something like “destruction of the Destroyer.”

ESV

seed shrivels … clods. These three words occur only here in the Masoretic text, and thus their precise meaning is uncertain (see esv footnote). Nevertheless, it is clear from what follows that a drought has also come upon the land (v. 20).

ESV

the flocks of sheep suffer. The Hebrew for “suffer” is ’asham, and here it means “to suffer punishment” or “to bear guilt.” The idea would be that creation suffers for Israel’s guilt. It is also possible to read this as a form of shamem, “to be desolate” (see esv footnote).

ESV

To you, O LORD, I call (2:32; Ps. 28:1; 30:8). The devastation brought by the Lord can be relieved only by him. Fire is sometimes an expression of divine judgment (Gen. 19:24; Num. 11:1; Deut. 32:22; Jer. 4:4; Hos. 8:14; Amos 1:4, 7, 10, 12, 14; Zeph. 1:18; 3:8).