James

1Chapter
1Greetings from James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ. To God’s people who are scattered all over the world.

Faith and Wisdom

2My brothers and sisters, you will have many kinds of trouble. But this gives you a reason to be very happy. 3You know that when your faith is tested, you learn to be patient in suffering. 4If you let that patience work in you, the end result will be good. You will be mature and complete. You will be all that God wants you to be.
5Do any of you need wisdom? Ask God for it. He is generous and enjoys giving to everyone. So he will give you wisdom. 6But when you ask God, you must believe. Don’t doubt him. Whoever doubts is like a wave in the sea that is blown up and down by the wind. 7-8People like that are thinking two different things at the same time. They can never decide what to do. So they should not think they will receive anything from the Lord.

True Riches

9Believers who are poor should be glad that God considers them so important. 10Believers who are rich should be glad when bad things happen that humble them. Their riches won’t keep them from disappearing as quickly as wildflowers. 11As the sun rises and gets hotter, its heat dries up the plants, and the flowers fall off. The flowers that were so beautiful are now dead. That’s how it is with the rich. While they are still making plans for their business, they will die.

Temptation Does Not Come From God

12Great blessings belong to those who are tempted and remain faithful! After they have proved their faith, God will give them the reward of eternal life. God promised this to all people who love him. 13Whenever you feel tempted to do something bad, you should not say, “God is tempting me.” Evil cannot tempt God, and God himself does not tempt anyone. 14You are tempted by the evil things you want. Your own desire leads you away and traps you. 15Your desire grows inside you until it results in sin. Then the sin grows bigger and bigger and finally ends in death.
16My dear brothers and sisters, don’t be fooled about this. 17Everything good comes from God. Every perfect gift is from him. These good gifts come down from the Father who made all the lights in the sky. But God never changes like the shadows from those lights. He is always the same. 18God decided to give us life through the true message he sent to us. He wanted us to be the most important of all that he created.

Listening and Obeying

19My dear brothers and sisters, always be more willing to listen than to speak. Keep control of your anger. 20Anger does not help you live the way God wants. 21So get rid of everything evil in your lives—every kind of wrong you do. Be humble and accept God’s teaching that is planted in your hearts. This teaching can save you.
22Do what God’s teaching says; don’t just listen and do nothing. When you only sit and listen, you are fooling yourselves. 23Hearing God’s teaching and doing nothing is like looking at your face in the mirror 24and doing nothing about what you saw. You go away and immediately forget how bad you looked. 25But when you look into God’s perfect law that sets people free, pay attention to it. If you do what it says, you will have God’s blessing. Never just listen to his teaching and forget what you heard.

The True Way to Worship God

26You might think you are a very religious person. But if your tongue is out of control, you are fooling yourself. Your careless talk makes your offerings to God worthless. 27The worship that God wants is this: caring for orphans or widows who need help and keeping yourself free from the world’s evil influence. This is the kind of worship that God accepts as pure and good.
2Chapter

Love All People

1My dear brothers and sisters, you are believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ. So don’t treat some people better than others. 2Suppose someone comes into your meeting wearing very nice clothes and a gold ring. At the same time a poor person comes in wearing old, dirty clothes. 3You show special attention to the person wearing nice clothes. You say, “Sit here in this good seat.” But you say to the poor person, “Stand there!” or “Sit on the floor by our feet!” 4Doesn’t this show that you think some people are more important than others? You set yourselves up as judges—judges who make bad decisions.
5Listen, my dear brothers and sisters. God chose the poor people in the world to be rich in faith. He chose them to receive the kingdom God promised to those who love him. 6But you show no respect to those who are poor. And you know that the rich are the ones who always try to control your lives. And they are the ones who take you to court. 7And the rich are the ones who insult the wonderful name of Christ, the name by which you are known.
8One law rules over all other laws. This royal law is found in the Scriptures: “Love your neighbor the same as you love yourself.” If you obey this law, you are doing right. 9But if you are treating one person as more important than another, you are sinning. You are guilty of breaking God’s law.
10You might follow all of God’s law. But if you fail to obey only one command, you are guilty of breaking all the commands in that law. 11God said, “Don’t commit adultery.” The same God also said, “Don’t kill.” So if you don’t commit adultery, but you kill someone, you are guilty of breaking all of God’s law.
12You will be judged by the law that makes people free. You should remember this in everything you say and do. 13Yes, you must show mercy to others. If you do not show mercy, then God will not show mercy to you when he judges you. But the one who shows mercy can stand without fear before the Judge.

Faith and Good Works

14My brothers and sisters, if a person claims to have faith but does nothing, that faith is worth nothing. Faith like that cannot save anyone. 15Suppose a brother or sister in Christ comes to you in need of clothes or something to eat. 16And you say to them, “God be with you! I hope you stay warm and get plenty to eat,” but you don’t give them the things they need. If you don’t help them, your words are worthless. 17It is the same with faith. If it is just faith and nothing more—if it doesn’t do anything—it is dead.
18But someone might argue, “Some people have faith, and others have good works.” My answer would be that you can’t show me your faith if you don’t do anything. But I will show you my faith by the good I do. 19You believe there is one God. That’s good, but even the demons believe that! And they shake with fear.
20You fool! Faith that does nothing is worth nothing. Do you want me to prove this to you? 21Our father Abraham was made right with God by what he did. He offered his son Isaac to God on the altar. 22So you see that Abraham’s faith and what he did worked together. His faith was made perfect by what he did. 23This shows the full meaning of the Scriptures that say, “Abraham believed God, and because of this faith he was accepted as one who is right with God.” Abraham was called “God’s friend.” 24So you see that people are made right with God by what they do. They cannot be made right by faith alone.
25Another example is Rahab. She was a prostitute, but she was made right with God by something she did. She helped those who were spying for God’s people. She welcomed them into her home and helped them escape by a different road.
26A person’s body that does not have a spirit is dead. It is the same with faith—faith that does nothing is dead!
3Chapter

Controlling the Things We Say

1My brothers and sisters, not many of you should be teachers. I say this because, as you know, we who teach will be judged more strictly than others.
2We all make many mistakes. A person who never said anything wrong would be perfect. Someone like that would be able to control their whole body too. 3We put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us. With these bits we can control their whole body. 4It is the same with ships. A ship is very big, and it is pushed by strong winds. But a very small rudder controls that big ship. And the one who controls the rudder decides where the ship will go. It goes where he wants it to go. 5It is the same with our tongue. It is a small part of the body, but it can boast about doing great things. A big forest fire can be started with only a little flame. 6The tongue is like a fire. It is a world of evil among the parts of our body. It spreads its evil through our whole body and starts a fire that influences all of life. It gets this fire from hell.
7Humans have control over every kind of wild animal, bird, reptile, and fish, and they have controlled all these things. 8But no one can control the tongue. It is wild and evil, full of deadly poison. 9We use our tongues to praise our Lord and Father, but then we curse people who were created in God’s likeness. 10These praises and curses come from the same mouth. My brothers and sisters, this should not happen. 11Do good water and bad water flow from the same spring? Of course not. 12My brothers and sisters, can a fig tree make olives? Or can a grapevine make figs? No, and a well full of salty water cannot give good water.

True Wisdom

13Are there any among you who are really wise and understanding? Then you should show your wisdom by living right. You should do what is good with humility. A wise person does not boast. 14If you are selfish and have bitter jealousy in your hearts, you have no reason to boast. Your boasting is a lie that hides the truth. 15That kind of “wisdom” does not come from God. That “wisdom” comes from the world. It is not spiritual. It is from the devil. 16Where there is jealousy and selfishness, there will be confusion and every kind of evil. 17But the wisdom that comes from God is like this: First, it is pure. It is also peaceful, gentle, and easy to please. This wisdom is always ready to help people who have trouble and to do good for others. This wisdom is always fair and honest. 18People who work for peace in a peaceful way get the blessings that come from right living.
4Chapter

Give Yourselves to God

1Do you know where your fights and arguments come from? They come from the selfish desires that make war inside you. 2You want things, but you don’t get them. So you kill and are jealous of others. But you still cannot get what you want. So you argue and fight. You don’t get what you want because you don’t ask God. 3Or when you ask, you don’t receive anything, because the reason you ask is wrong. You only want to use it for your own pleasure.
4You people are not faithful to God! You should know that loving what the world has is the same as hating God. So anyone who wants to be friends with this evil world becomes God’s enemy. 5Do you think the Scriptures mean nothing? The Scriptures say, “The Spirit God made to live in us wants us only for himself.” 6But the kindness God shows is greater. As the Scripture says, “God is against the proud, but he is kind to the humble.”
7So give yourselves to God. Stand against the devil, and he will run away from you. 8Come near to God and he will come near to you. You are sinners, so clean sin out of your lives. You are trying to follow God and the world at the same time. Make your thinking pure. 9Be sad, be sorry, and cry! Change your laughter into crying. Change your joy into sadness. 10Be humble before the Lord, and he will make you great.

You Are Not the Judge

11Brothers and sisters, don’t say anything against each other. If you criticize your brother or sister in Christ or judge them, you are criticizing and judging the law they follow. And when you are judging the law, you are not a follower of the law. You have become a judge. 12God is the one who gave us the law, and he is the Judge. He is the only one who can save and destroy. So it is not right for you to judge anyone.

Let God Plan Your Life

13Some of you say, “Today or tomorrow we will go to some city. We will stay there a year, do business, and make money.” Listen, think about this: 14You don’t know what will happen tomorrow. Your life is like a fog. You can see it for a short time, but then it goes away. 15So you should say, “If the Lord wants, we will live and do this or that.” 16But now you are proud and boast about yourself. All such boasting is wrong. 17If you fail to do what you know is right, you are sinning.
5Chapter

A Warning to Rich and Selfish People

1You rich people, listen! Cry and be very sad because much trouble will come to you. 2Your riches will rot and be worth nothing. Your clothes will be eaten by moths. 3Your gold and silver will rust, and that rust will be a proof that you were wrong. That rust will eat your bodies like fire. You saved your treasure in the last days. 4People worked in your fields, but you did not pay them. They are crying out against you. They harvested your crops. Now the Lord All-Powerful has heard their cries.
5Your life on earth was full of rich living. You pleased yourselves with everything you wanted. You made yourselves fat, like an animal ready for the day of slaughter. 6You showed no mercy to good people. They were not against you, but you killed them.

Be Patient

7Brothers and sisters, be patient; the Lord will come. So be patient until that time. Look at the farmers. They have to be patient. They have to wait for their valuable crop to grow and produce a harvest. They wait patiently for the first rain and the last rain. 8You must be patient too. Never stop hoping. The Lord is coming soon. 9Brothers and sisters, don’t complain against each other. If you don’t stop complaining, you will be judged guilty. And the Judge is ready to come!
10Brothers and sisters, follow the example of the prophets who spoke for the Lord. They suffered many bad things, but they were patient. 11And we say that those who accepted their troubles with patience now have God’s blessing. You have heard about Job’s patience. You know that after all his troubles, the Lord helped him. This shows that the Lord is full of mercy and is kind.

Be Careful What You Say

12My brothers and sisters, it is very important that you not use an oath when you make a promise. Don’t use the name of heaven, earth, or anything else to prove what you say. When you mean yes, say only “yes.” When you mean no, say only “no.” Do this so that you will not be judged guilty.

The Power of Prayer

13Are you having troubles? You should pray. Are you happy? You should sing. 14Are you sick? Ask the elders of the church to come and rub oil on you in the name of the Lord and pray for you. 15If such a prayer is offered in faith, it will heal anyone who is sick. The Lord will heal them. And if they have sinned, he will forgive them.
16So always tell each other the wrong things you have done. Then pray for each other. Do this so that God can heal you. Anyone who lives the way God wants can pray, and great things will happen. 17Elijah was a person just like us. He prayed that it would not rain. And it did not rain on the land for three and a half years! 18Then Elijah prayed that it would rain. And the rain came down from the sky, and the land grew crops again.

Helping People When They Sin

19My brothers and sisters, if anyone wanders away from the truth and someone helps that person come back, 20remember this: Anyone who brings a sinner back from the wrong way will save that person from eternal death and cause many sins to be forgiven.
Study
Chapter 1
CSB

TWISTED SCRIPTURE

James 1:5

Mormon missionaries use this verse to encourage prospective converts to pray about the Book of Mormon, emphasizing that a person who prays about this book should receive a good feeling from God, showing them that the Book of Mormon and the Mormon religion are true. Yet James never intended such a meaning. Rather, he was instructing his readers about trials and maturity. When Christians need wisdom, especially during hard times, God is always there to provide the requested wisdom. While prayer is definitely important, there are some things we should never pray about. For example, we know that it is nonsense to pray about possibly stealing our neighbor’s car or disobeying our parents because the Bible clearly teaches that these things are wrong. The same is true when it comes to asking God in prayer if some book other than the Bible should guide our religious beliefs. The Book of Mormon contradicts the Bible on many key teachings. Since it does not line up with biblical truth, we must reject the Book of Mormon.

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Greeting. Jesus chose 12 disciples to signify the twelve tribes and thus to identify the church as the new Israel (see note on Matt. 10:1). James reminds these Jewish Christians of their spiritual heritage as the people of God, gathered by Jesus the Messiah. in the Dispersion. The tribes of Israel were scattered throughout the world by the Assyrians and Babylonians. They looked forward to being regathered as a people (Jer. 31:7–14; Ezek. 37:15–28). James implies that the true Israel is now also dispersed (away from its heavenly homeland) and oppressed, but assured of their final gathering to the Lord.

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The Testing of Faith. Trials test faith in order to make spiritual pilgrimages complete. They are part of the “good gifts” (v. 17) God gives his people in order to make them whole.

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Joy in Trials. Trials are designed to produce spiritual maturity and should therefore be counted as joy.

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Trials are “tests” that challenge faith (vv. 2–5). When trials occur, one should count it all joy—not meaning mere worldly, temporal happiness, but rather spiritual, enduring, “complete joy” in the Lord who is sovereign over all things, including trials.

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Testing of your faith defines the meaning of a trial for the Christian: as Jesus was “tested” in the wilderness (Matt. 4:1–13), so believers are tested. The Greek dokimion (“testing”) denotes a positive test intended to make one’s faith “genuine” (cf. 1 Pet. 1:7). The result is steadfastness, a life of faithful endurance amid troubles and afflictions.

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Steadfastness leads ultimately to perfection. Believers grow in holiness but are not yet perfected in it; such perfection will be realized only when Jesus returns.

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Wisdom from God for Trials. Believers are to have an undivided faith, asking for wisdom from their ever-wise and all-generous God.

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James addresses the believer who lacks wisdom in handling trials. Wisdom, as in the OT, is a God-given and God-centered discernment regarding the practical issues in life. Wisdom comes from prayer for God’s help. God gives generously (with “single-minded” liberality) and without reproach (he does not want anyone to hesitate to come to him).

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faith. A settled trust and confidence in God, based on his character and promises as revealed in Scripture (cf. Heb. 11:1). doubting. Vacillating between trusting God and trusting the world or one’s own natural abilities. This makes a person like a wave of the sea, a picture of instability and uncertainty.

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A person who doubts God’s goodness dishonors him. Such a person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord, since he is unsure whether God is good or will do good. He is a double-minded man, that is, in “two minds,” torn between God and the world, and is therefore unstable in all his ways (cf. v. 6).

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The Place of Rich and Poor before God. Both poverty and riches bring enormous pressure on a person to focus on the world rather than on Christ. Thus James exhorts the poor to boast (or glory) in their high status in Christ. The lowly brother will be exalted or vindicated by God. In contrast, James exhorts the rich to boast in their humiliation, (1) by realizing that their wealth is temporary and that it brings them no advantage before God, and (2) by identifying with the poor in their affliction. The church is to be a “countercultural” community, which reverses the values of the world (cf. 2:2–4). Given the context, James seems to be saying that the challenges of poverty and wealth may be one of the greatest “trials” for Christians, as would be suggested by his immediate emphasis (see 1:12) on the “blessed” status of those who remain “steadfast under trial.” James also echoes Jesus’ warning that “You cannot serve God and money” (Matt. 6:24).

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Reward for Those Who Endure. James returns to the theme introduced in v. 2. Crown of life alludes not to the jewel encrusted ruler’s crown but to the laurel wreath given to winners in athletic games (1 Cor. 9:25) and victorious emperors. The reward for faithful perseverance is eternal life, with all its abundant blessings (cf. Rev. 2:10).

CSB

The word trial is the Greek verb peirazo, which means both “tempt” and “test.” Broadly defined, temptation is the enticement to do evil. Satan is the tempter (Mt 4:3; 1Th 3:5). Beginning with Eve, Satan successfully tempted Adam, Cain, Abraham, and David to sin. He was less successful with Job, and Jesus was “tempted in every way as we are, yet without sin” (Heb 4:15). James explained that God cannot be tempted by evil, and he does not tempt anyone. Temptation may be for the purpose of destroying a person through sin leading to death and hell. This is Satan’s intent. God, however, may allow it for the purpose of bringing forth faith and patience, which ultimately honor him—as in the case of Job. James further explained that a blessing awaits the one who endures trials (v. 12).

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The Process of Temptation. James turns to the other side of trials, namely, when testing becomes temptation (see note on v. 2).

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God tests his people (e.g., Abraham, Genesis 22; Israel, Ex. 16:4; Hezekiah, 2 Chron. 32:31) so that their character is strengthened, but he never tempts (i.e., lures people into sin). Since God cannot be tempted with evil, and he is unreservedly good, he would never entice human beings to sin or seek to harm their faith. Tempted (Gk. peirazō) is the verb form of the noun translated “trial” (Gk. peirasmos) in James 1:12, but the context shows that different senses of the word are intended. God brings trials in order to strengthen the Christian’s faith. He never tempts, however, because he never desires his people to sin. Christians should never blame God when they do wrong.

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lured and enticed. A fishing metaphor for drawing prey away from shelter in order to trap them with a deadly hook. Here it is the person’s evil desire that ensnares; in 1 Pet. 5:8–9 it is Satan who “seeks to devour.” Sin is never God’s fault.

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The picture changes to a birth/rebirth metaphor, as full-grown desire bears its own child, sin, which itself grows into maturity and bears the grandchild, death. This dramatic depiction shows the terrible result when one gives in to temptation.

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James moves from evil temptations (which God never gives) to the observation that every good gift and every perfect gift comes from God (cf. Matt. 7:11). As in James 1:5, James reminds the readers of God’s goodness. In their trials, God is not tempting them to sin, but the difficulties in life are intended to strengthen and perfect them and make them more like God. God’s intentions for them are always for good (cf. Rom. 8:28). There is nothing in this world that is truly good that has any other origin than from above, namely heaven, descending from the Father of lights, which refers to God as creator of the heavenly “lights” (Ps. 74:16; 136:7–9)—a prime example of his good gifts. God is unchanging in his character and therefore in his giving of good, unlike the variation of the night changing to day or the shifting shadow caused by the sun or moon.

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Brought us forth by the word of truth speaks of spiritual salvation, with “us” meaning believers, the “word of truth” being the gospel, and “brought … forth” (that is, from the womb) being a metaphor for the new birth. The firstfruits of the harvest (cf. Ex. 23:16–19; Lev. 23:9–14) are pioneer believers, who are a prelude to further conversions yet to come (cf. Rom. 16:5; 1 Cor. 16:15).

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Hearing and Doing the Word. The central theme of this section is practical Christianity mandated by “the word of truth,” which is the gospel (v. 18), and characterized by both truly “hearing” and then resolutely “doing” the truth. Obedience is the hallmark of the true child of God.

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Hearers of the Word. James encourages the church to pursue hearing the word, and to avoid hasty speech and unrighteous anger.

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James echoes Jewish Wisdom tradition on the misuse of the tongue and the anger that can result (cf. Prov. 10:19; 11:12; 15:1; 17:28). quick to hear. Lack of listening, combined with lack of restraint in speech, leads to ill-tempered action. Slow to anger does not mean that all human anger is sinful (cf. Eph. 4:26), but the quick-tempered, selfish anger of the world (“the anger of man,” James 1:20) betrays lack of trust in God and lack of love for others.

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The self-reliant anger of man, even when directed against some wrongdoing, fails to recognize that mere human reproach cannot change another person’s heart, and thus it does not produce the righteousness of God; nor indeed is such anger fully righteous itself. God is holy and righteous, requiring that his people emulate his righteous character (e.g., Lev. 19:2; Matt. 5:48; 1 Pet. 1:16). “Righteousness” here is not Pauline legal or forensic righteousness proclaimed in God’s court of law (e.g., see notes on Rom. 3:20; 5:10) but is closer to the usage of the OT (Isa. 61:3) and Jesus (Matt. 3:15; 5:6, 10, 20; 6:1, 33; 21:32), in the sense of conducting one’s life by the will of God, according to his standards.

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Put away all filthiness pictures the stripping off of dirty clothes (cf. Rom. 13:12; Eph. 4:22; Col. 3:8) based on a desire to have nothing to do with the dirt (here, moral evil) ever again. In place of filthy behavior, the implanted word must take root in God’s people. This idea of God planting his revealed truth reflects Deut. 30:14 (“the word is very near you. It is in your mouth and in your heart”) and especially the new covenant of Jer. 31:33 (“I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts”). Save your souls refers here to progressive sanctification and ultimately the completion of God’s saving work on the last day.

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Doers of the Word. Hearing the word without action is self-deceptive, while hearing that results in doing the word is a blessing.

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Being doers of the word, and not hearers only is the only proper response to the Word of God (not only the gospel but the entirety of Scripture), allowing it to take root in one’s life (cf. v. 21).

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Looking intently at his natural face in a mirror and then forgetting what he was like demonstrates the folly of examining oneself in God’s “mirror” of the “implanted word” (v. 21) and then doing nothing about it (v. 22). When one sees imperfections (as when looking in a mirror), common sense says something should be done about it.

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the law of liberty (cf. 2:12). In James, the “law” and the “word” are two different ways of describing the same reality. Earlier, the “word of truth” (1:18) is the gospel of Christ, and the “law” here refers to the OT law as it has been interpreted and fulfilled in Christ. Though the OT law was “holy and righteous and good” (Rom. 7:12), it had no power by itself to enable sinful people to conform to it. Thus, the OT law did not liberate God’s people but enslaved them, as Paul taught (Gal. 3:10–4:7; cf. Rom. 2:1–3:20; 5:20; 6:14–15; 7:1–25). But the law is one of “liberty” when it comes along with the word of the gospel and the power of the Holy Spirit to change hearts. See also note on James 2:12.

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True, Practical Religion. This section on obedience (vv. 19–27) concludes with three characteristics of the one whose religion is pure and undefiled, that is, one who “does” the word. First, he refuses self-deception and bridles his tongue, which means he keeps a tight rein on his speech like a bridle controlling a horse. Second, he shows mercy and love to the oppressed. Orphans and widows were frequent OT examples of this (see Deut. 10:18; Isa. 1:17; Jer. 7:5–7) because of their particularly helpless state (on widows in NT times, see note on 1 Tim. 5:3–16). Third, he remains unstained from the world; James uses the sacrificial language of “the lamb without blemish” (Ex. 12:5; 1 Pet. 1:19) to describe the pure religious person.