2 Timothy

1Chapter
1Greetings from Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus. I am an apostle because God wanted me to be. God sent me to tell people about the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus.
2To Timothy, a dear son to me. Grace, mercy, and peace to you from God the Father and from Christ Jesus our Lord.

Thanksgiving and Encouragement

3I always remember you in my prayers day and night. And in these prayers I thank God for you. He is the God my ancestors served, and I have always served him with a clear conscience. 4I remember that you cried for me. I want very much to see you so that I can be filled with joy. 5I remember your true faith. That kind of faith first belonged to your grandmother Lois and to your mother Eunice. I know you now have that same faith. 6That is why I want you to remember the gift God gave you. God gave you that gift when I laid my hands on you. Now I want you to use that gift and let it grow more and more, like a small flame grows into a fire. 7The Spirit God gave us does not make us afraid. His Spirit is a source of power and love and self-control.
8So don’t be ashamed to tell people about our Lord Jesus. And don’t be ashamed of me—I am in prison for the Lord. But suffer with me for the Good News. God gives us the strength to do that.
9God saved us and chose us to be his holy people, but not because of anything we ourselves did. God saved us and made us his people because that was what he wanted and because of his grace. That grace was given to us through Christ Jesus before time began. 10And now it has been shown to us in the coming of our Savior Christ Jesus. He destroyed death and showed us the way to have life. Yes, through the Good News Jesus showed us the way to have life that cannot be destroyed.
11I was chosen to tell people that message as an apostle and teacher. 12And I suffer now because of that work. But I am not ashamed, because I know the one I have put my trust in. And I am sure that he is able to protect what I have put into his care until that Day.
13What you heard me teach is an example of what you should teach. Follow that model of right teaching with the faith and love we have in Christ Jesus. 14This teaching is a treasure that you have been trusted with. Protect it with the help of the Holy Spirit, who lives inside us.
15You know that everyone in Asia has left me. Even Phygelus and Hermogenes have left me. 16I pray that the Lord will show mercy to the family of Onesiphorus. Many times Onesiphorus encouraged me. He was not ashamed that I was in prison. 17No, he was not ashamed. When he came to Rome, he looked and looked for me until he found me. 18I pray that the Lord Jesus will make sure Onesiphorus receives mercy from the Lord God on that Day. You know how many ways this brother helped me in Ephesus.
2Chapter

A Loyal Soldier of Christ Jesus

1Timothy, you are a son to me. Be strong in the grace that we have because we belong to Christ Jesus. 2What you have heard me teach publicly you should teach to others. Share these teachings with people you can trust. Then they will be able to teach others these same things. 3As a good soldier of Christ Jesus, accept your share of the troubles we have. 4A soldier wants to please his commanding officer, so he does not spend any time on activities that are not a part of his duty. 5Athletes in a race must obey all the rules to win. 6The farmer who works hard deserves the first part of the harvest. 7Think about what I am saying. The Lord will help you understand it all.
8Remember Jesus Christ. He is from the family of David. After Jesus died, he was raised from death. This is the Good News that I tell people. 9And because I tell that message, I am suffering. I am even bound with chains like someone who has really done wrong. But God’s message is not bound. 10So I patiently accept all these troubles. I do this to help the people God has chosen so that they can have the salvation that is in Christ Jesus. With this salvation comes glory that never ends.
11If we died with him, we will also live with him.
12If we remain faithful even in suffering, we will also rule with him. If we refuse to say we know him, he will refuse to say he knows us.
13If we are not faithful, he will still be faithful, because he cannot be false to himself.

A Worker Who Pleases God

14Keep on telling everyone these truths. And warn them before God not to argue about words. Such arguments don’t help anyone, and they ruin those who listen to them. 15Do your best to be the kind of person God will accept, and give yourself to him. Be a worker who has no reason to be ashamed of his work, one who applies the true teaching in the right way.
16Stay away from people who talk about useless things that are not from God. That kind of talk will lead a person more and more against God. 17Their evil teaching will spread like a sickness inside the body. Hymenaeus and Philetus are men like that. 18They have left the true teaching. They say that the day when people will be raised from death has already come and gone. And they are destroying the faith of some people.
19But God’s strong foundation never moves, and these words are written on it: “The Lord knows those who belong to him.” Also, these words are written there: “Everyone who says they believe in the Lord must stop doing wrong.”
20In a large house there are things made of gold and silver. But there are also things made of wood and clay. Some of these are used for special purposes, others for ordinary jobs. 21The Lord wants to use you for special purposes, so make yourself clean from all evil. Then you will be holy, and the Master can use you. You will be ready for any good work.
22Stay away from the evil things a young person like you typically wants to do. Do your best to live right and to have faith, love, and peace, together with others who trust in the Lord with pure hearts. 23Stay away from foolish and stupid arguments. You know that these arguments grow into bigger arguments. 24As a servant of the Lord, you must not argue. You must be kind to everyone. You must be a good teacher, and you must be patient. 25You must gently teach those who don’t agree with you. Maybe God will let them change their hearts so that they can accept the truth. 26The devil has trapped them and now makes them do what he wants. But maybe they can wake up to see what is happening and free themselves from the devil’s trap.
3Chapter

Many People Will Stop Loving God

1Remember this: There are some terrible times coming in the last days. 2People will love only themselves and money. They will be proud and boast about themselves. They will abuse others with insults. They will not obey their parents. They will be ungrateful and against all that is pleasing to God. 3They will have no love for others and will refuse to forgive anyone. They will talk about others to hurt them and will have no self-control. They will be cruel and hate what is good. 4People will turn against their friends. They will do foolish things without thinking and will be so proud of themselves. Instead of loving God, they will love pleasure. 5They will go on pretending to be devoted to God, but they will refuse to let that “devotion” change the way they live. Stay away from these people!
6Some of them go into homes and get control over weak women, whose lives are full of sin—women who are led into sin by all the things they want. 7These women always want to learn something new, but they are never able to fully understand the truth. 8Just as Jannes and Jambres fought against Moses, these people fight against the truth. Their thinking has been confused. The faith they have and teach is worthless. 9But they will not succeed in what they are trying to do. Everyone will see how foolish they are. That is what happened to Jannes and Jambres.

Last Instructions

10But you know all about me. You know what I teach and the way I live. You know my goal in life. You know my faith, my patience, and my love. You know that I never stop trying. 11You know about my persecutions and my sufferings. You know all the things that happened to me in Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra—the persecution I suffered in those places. But the Lord saved me from all of it. 12Everyone who wants to live showing true devotion to God in Christ Jesus will be persecuted. 13People who are evil and cheat others will become worse and worse. They will fool others, but they will also be fooling themselves.
14But you should continue following the teaching you learned. You know it is true, because you know you can trust those who taught you. 15You have known the Holy Scriptures since you were a child. These Scriptures are able to make you wise. And that wisdom leads to salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16All Scripture is given by God. And all Scripture is useful for teaching and for showing people what is wrong in their lives. It is useful for correcting faults and teaching the right way to live. 17Using the Scriptures, those who serve God will be prepared and will have everything they need to do every good work.
4Chapter
1Before God and Jesus Christ, I give you a command. Christ Jesus is the one who will judge all people—those who are living and those who have died. He is coming again to rule in his kingdom. So I give you this command: 2Tell everyone God’s message. Be ready at all times to do whatever is needed. Tell people what they need to do, tell them when they are doing wrong, and encourage them. Do this with great patience and careful teaching.
3The time will come when people will not listen to the true teaching. But people will find more and more teachers who please them. They will find teachers who say what they want to hear. 4People will stop listening to the truth. They will begin to follow the teaching in false stories. 5But you should control yourself at all times. When troubles come, accept them. Do the work of telling the Good News. Do all the duties of a servant of God.
6My life is being given as an offering for God. The time has come for me to leave this life here. 7I have fought the good fight. I have finished the race. I have served the Lord faithfully. 8Now, a prize is waiting for me—the crown that will show I am right with God. The Lord, the judge who judges rightly, will give it to me on that Day. Yes, he will give it to me and to everyone else who is eagerly looking forward to his coming.

Personal Notes

9Do your best to come to me as soon as you can. 10Demas loved this world too much. That is why he left me. He went to Thessalonica. Crescens went to Galatia. And Titus went to Dalmatia. 11Luke is the only one still with me. Get Mark and bring him with you when you come. He can help me in my work here. 12I sent Tychicus to Ephesus.
13When I was in Troas, I left my coat there with Carpus. So when you come, bring it to me. Also, bring my books. The books written on parchment are the ones I need.
14Alexander the metalworker caused me so much harm. The Lord will punish him for what he did. 15He fought against everything we teach. You should be careful that he doesn’t hurt you too.
16The first time I defended myself, no one helped me. Everyone left me. I pray that God will forgive them. 17But the Lord stayed with me. The Lord gave me strength so that I could tell the Good News everywhere. He wanted all those who are not Jews to hear that Good News. So I was saved from the lion’s mouth. 18The Lord will save me when anyone tries to hurt me. He will bring me safely to his heavenly kingdom. Glory forever and ever be the Lord’s. Amen.

Final Greetings

19Give my greetings to Priscilla and Aquila and to the family of Onesiphorus. 20Erastus stayed in Corinth. And I left Trophimus in Miletus—he was sick. 21Try as hard as you can to come to me before winter. Greetings to you from Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers and sisters here.
22The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with you.
Study
Chapter 1
CSB

CHALLENGE AND TACTICS

CHALLENGE: “You’re a Christian because you grew up in a Christian home or nation.”

TACTIC EMPLOYED: Genetic Fallacy

This challenge says your religious views are an accident of birth and therefore are not objectively, universally true. However, the conclusion that religion cannot be true does not follow from the fact that you are likely to adopt the religion of your surrounding culture. Religions make claims about history and the world. To judge whether these claims are true, we examine history and the world. The question of where a religion arose has no bearing on whether or not it corresponds to reality. So when someone challenges your beliefs in this way, explain that they are making the genetic fallacy. What counts is evidence, not place of origin.

ESV

Exhortation to Endurance for the Gospel. Paul’s thanksgiving (1:3–5) leads directly into strong exhortations to Timothy (1:6–14; 2:1–13) with an intervening paragraph that provides positive and negative examples of his exhortation (1:15–18). In light of his imminent death, Paul urges Timothy to continue in faithfulness for the sake of the gospel in spite of hardship.

ESV

Opening. Paul opens this letter in the standard way. But as he awaits death, he reminds Timothy that the purpose of his apostleship has been to proclaim the gospel, the promise of the life that is in Christ Jesus.

ESV

Thanksgiving for Timothy’s Sincere Faith. In typical Pauline fashion, this letter opens with thanksgiving to God for the recipient. Paul notes that both he (“my ancestors”) and Timothy (“your grandmother … your mother”) have a heritage of faith.

ESV

constantly in my prayers night and day. Timothy is on Paul’s mind and in his prayers throughout the day, every day (see 1 Thess. 5:17 and note).

ESV

A Call to Bold Endurance in Ministry, Part 1. Verse 6 marks a shift from the opening thanksgiving to Paul’s first exhortation to Timothy, a passionate challenge to continue following in Paul’s footsteps (cf. 3:10–11). There is a clear connection between the call for Timothy to “not be ashamed … but share in suffering for the gospel” (1:8) and Paul’s statement that for the gospel “I suffer. … But I am not ashamed” (v. 12). The call for Timothy to follow Paul’s example is central in this letter (see 3:10–11).

ESV

fan into flame the gift of God. Paul does not explain what this gift is (see note on 1 Tim. 4:14), which allows the principle here to be seen as applicable to all kinds of spiritual gifts. Such gifts tend to fade in strength when they are not used and encouraged. The laying on of my hands may refer to Timothy’s ordination. This passage focuses on Paul’s part in that event, whereas 1 Tim. 4:14 mentions the involvement of “the council of elders.”

CSB

Paul encouraged strength and confidence in God, since cowardice before nonbelievers might thwart gospel witness. His words do not contradict the familiar imperative to “fear” the Lord (Lv 25:17; Dt 6:2,13; Mt 10:28; Lk 12:5; 1Pt 1:17).

ESV

spirit. Probably the Holy Spirit. fear. The Greek (deilia) in extrabiblical literature refers to one who flees from battle, and has a strong pejorative sense referring to cowardice. Boldness, not cowardice, is a mark of the Spirit (see Prov. 28:1; Acts 4:31).

ESV

These verses summarize the gospel for which God’s servants suffer. They are a reminder of the power of God on whom Christians rely. Paul’s exalted language suggests he is also arguing that such a glorious message is worthy of their suffering. Paul contrasts works, which do not save, with God’s purpose and grace, which brings life. God, who saved us … our Savior Christ Jesus. In the Pastoral Epistles, Paul often describes both God the Father and God the Son as Saviors of their people (cf. 1 Tim. 1:1; 2:3; 4:10; Titus 1:3–4; 2:10; 2:13 [and note]; 3:4, 6).

ESV

Paul suffers (as I do) because of his current imprisonment and impending death. Guard … what has been entrusted to me (Gk. tēn parathēkēn mou, “my deposit”) means either that God will guard the gospel, which has been entrusted to Paul, or that God will guard Paul’s life (“what I have entrusted to him,” see esv footnote). Either way, it is this confidence in God that prevents Paul from being ashamed. Cf. note on v. 14. His boldness arises not from self-confidence but from God-confidence (cf. 2 Cor. 3:5). until that Day. See 1 Cor. 3:13; 2 Tim. 1:18; 4:8; Heb. 10:25; and notes on Amos 5:18–20; 1 Thess. 5:2–3.

ESV

sound words. See note on 1 Tim. 6:3.

ESV

the good deposit entrusted to you. The gospel in the fullest sense, the entire content of the Christian faith. Cf. note on v. 12.

ESV

Examples, Positive and Negative. Paul supports his exhortation of vv. 6–14 with concrete examples of some who have endured well and others who have not—a common technique in both ancient and modern exhortation.

ESV

Asia was the Roman province in which Ephesus, Timothy’s current place of service, was located. all … turned away from me. Key people who could have supported Paul, perhaps in his arrest and imprisonment, failed to do so, and so it appeared as if “all” had deserted him (cf. 4:16, a reference to a more specific event). There is no further information about Phygelus and Hermogenes. These details highlight the low situation in which Paul found himself and probably help explain why Timothy, the faithful one, was such a source of joy for Paul (see 1:3–5).

ESV

Onesiphorus is an example of faithfulness, in contrast to those who abandoned Paul. Paul prays, therefore, that the Lord will grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, and that Onesiphorus himself will find mercy on that Day (see note on v. 12).