1 Timothy

1Chapter
1Greetings from Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus. I am an apostle by the command of God our Savior and Christ Jesus our hope.
2To Timothy, a true son to me in the faith we share. Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.

Warnings Against False Teachings

3When I went to Macedonia, I asked you to stay in Ephesus. Some people there are teaching things that are not true, and I want you to tell them to stop. 4Tell them not to give their time to meaningless stories and to long lists of names to prove their family histories. Such things only cause arguments. They don’t help God’s work, which is done only by faith. 5My purpose in telling you to do this is to promote love—the kind of love shown by those whose thoughts are pure, who do what they know is right, and whose faith in God is real. 6But some have missed this key point in their teaching and have gone off in another direction. Now they talk about things that help no one. 7They want to be teachers of the law, but they don’t know what they are talking about. They don’t even understand the things they say they are sure of.
8We know that the law is good if someone uses it right. 9We also know that the law is not made for those who do what is right. It is made for those who are against the law and refuse to follow it. The law is for sinners who are against God and all that is pleasing to him. It is for those who have no interest in spiritual things and for those who kill their fathers or mothers or anyone else. 10It is for those who commit sexual sins, homosexuals, those who sell slaves, those who tell lies, those who don’t tell the truth under oath, and those who are against the true teaching of God. 11That teaching is part of the Good News that our blessed God gave me to tell. In it we see his glory.

Thanks for God’s Mercy

12I thank Christ Jesus our Lord because he trusted me and gave me this work of serving him. He gives me strength. 13In the past I insulted Christ. As a proud and violent man, I persecuted his people. But God gave me mercy because I did not know what I was doing. I did that before I became a believer. 14But our Lord gave me a full measure of his grace. And with that grace came the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus.
15Here is a true statement that should be accepted without question: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, and I am the worst of them. 16But I was given mercy so that in me Christ Jesus could show that he has patience without limit. Christ showed his patience with me, the worst of all sinners. He wanted me to be an example for those who would believe in him and have eternal life. 17Honor and glory to the King who rules forever. He cannot be destroyed and cannot be seen. Honor and glory forever and ever to the only God. Amen.
18Timothy, you are like a son to me. What I am telling you to do agrees with the prophecies that were told about you in the past. I want you to remember those prophecies and fight the good fight of faith. 19Continue to trust in God and do what you know is right. Some people have not done this, and their faith is now in ruins. 20Hymenaeus and Alexander are men like that. I have given them to Satan so that they will learn not to speak against God.
2Chapter

God Wants Us to Pray for Everyone

1First of all, I ask that you pray for all people. Ask God to bless them and give them what they need. And give thanks. 2You should pray for rulers and for all who have authority. Pray for these leaders so that we can live quiet and peaceful lives—lives full of devotion to God and respect for him. 3This is good and pleases God our Savior.
4God wants everyone to be saved and to fully understand the truth. 5There is only one God, and there is only one way that people can reach God. That way is through Christ Jesus, who as a man 6gave himself to pay for everyone to be free. This is the message that was given to us at just the right time. 7And I was chosen as an apostle to tell people that message. (I am telling the truth. I am not lying.) I was chosen to teach those who are not Jews to believe and understand the truth.

Special Instructions for Men and Women

8I want the men everywhere to pray. Men who lift their hands in prayer must be devoted to God and pleasing to him. They must be men who keep themselves from getting angry and having arguments.
9And I want the women to make themselves attractive in the right way. Their clothes should be sensible and appropriate. They should not draw attention to themselves with fancy hairstyles or gold jewelry or pearls or expensive clothes. 10But they should make themselves attractive by the good things they do. That is more appropriate for women who say they are devoted to God.
11A woman should learn while listening quietly and being completely willing to obey. 12I don’t allow a woman to teach a man or tell him what to do. She must listen quietly, 13because Adam was made first. Eve was made later. 14Also, Adam was not the one who was tricked. It was the woman who was tricked and became a sinner. 15But women will be saved in their work of having children. They will be saved if they continue to live in faith, love, and holiness with sensible behavior.
3Chapter

Leaders in the Church

1It is a true statement that anyone whose goal is to serve as an elder has his heart set on a good work. 2An elder must be such a good man that no one can rightly criticize him. He must be faithful to his wife. He must have self-control and be wise. He must be respected by others. He must be ready to help people by welcoming them into his home. He must be a good teacher. 3He must not drink too much, and he must not be someone who likes to fight. He must be gentle and peaceful. He must not be someone who loves money. 4He must be a good leader of his own family. This means that his children obey him with full respect. 5If a man does not know how to lead his own family, he will not be able to take care of God’s church.
6An elder must not be a new believer. It might make him too proud of himself. Then he would be condemned for his pride the same as the devil was. 7An elder must also have the respect of people who are not part of the church. Then he will not be criticized by others and be caught in the devil’s trap.

Special Servants

8In the same way, the men who are chosen to be special servants must have the respect of others. They must not be men who say things they don’t mean or who spend their time drinking too much. They must not be men who will do almost anything for money. 9They must follow the true faith that God has now made known to us and always do what they know is right. 10You should test them first. Then, if you find that they have done nothing wrong, they can be special servants.
11In the same way, the women must have the respect of others. They must not be women who speak evil about other people. They must have self-control and be women who can be trusted in everything.
12The men who are special servants must be faithful in marriage. They must be good leaders of children and their own families. 13Those who do well as special servants are making an honorable place for themselves. And they will feel very sure of their faith in Christ Jesus.

The Secret of Our Life

14I hope I can come to you soon. But I am writing this to you now, 15so that, even if I cannot come soon, you will know how people should live in the family of God. That family is the church of the living God. And God’s church is the support and foundation of the truth. 16Christ was shown to us in human form; the Spirit proved that he was right; he was seen by angels. The message about him was told to the nations; people in the world believed in him; he was taken up to heaven in glory.
4Chapter

A Warning About False Teachers

1The Spirit clearly says that in the last times some will turn away from what we believe. They will obey spirits that tell lies. And they will follow the teachings of demons. 2Those teachings come through people who tell lies and trick others. These evil people cannot see what is right and what is wrong. It is like their conscience has been destroyed with a hot iron. 3They say that it is wrong to marry. And they say that there are some foods that people must not eat. But God made these foods, and those who believe and who understand the truth can eat them with thanks. 4Everything that God made is good. Nothing he made should be refused if it is accepted with thanks to him. 5Everything he created is made holy by what he has said and by prayer.

Be a Good Servant of Christ Jesus

6Tell this to the brothers and sisters there. This will show that you are a good servant of Christ Jesus. You will show that you are made strong by the words of faith and good teaching you have followed. 7People tell silly stories that don’t agree with God’s truth. Don’t follow what these stories teach. But teach yourself to be devoted to God. 8Training your body helps you in some ways. But devotion to God helps you in every way. It brings you blessings in this life and in the future life too. 9Here is a true statement that should be accepted without question: 10We hope in the living God, the Savior of all people. In particular, he is the Savior of all those who believe in him. This is why we work and struggle.
11Command and teach these things. 12You are young, but don’t let anyone treat you as if you are not important. Be an example to show the believers how they should live. Show them by what you say, by the way you live, by your love, by your faith, and by your pure life.
13Continue to read the Scriptures to the people, encourage them, and teach them. Do this until I come. 14Remember to use the gift you have, which was given to you through a prophecy when the group of elders laid their hands on you. 15Continue to do these things. Give your life to doing them. Then everyone can see that your work is progressing. 16Be careful in your life and in your teaching. Continue to live and teach rightly. Then you will save yourself and those who listen to your teaching.
5Chapter
1Don’t speak angrily to an older man. But talk to him as if he were your father. Treat the younger men like brothers. 2Treat the older women like mothers. And treat the younger women with respect like sisters.

Taking Care of Widows

3Take care of widows who really need help. 4But if a widow has children or grandchildren, the first thing they need to learn is this: to show their devotion to God by taking care of their own family. They will be repaying their parents, and this pleases God. 5A widow who really needs help is one who has been left all alone. She trusts God to take care of her. She prays all the time, night and day, and asks God for help. 6But the widow who uses her life to please herself is really dead while she is still living. 7Tell the believers there to take care of their family so that no one can say they are doing wrong. 8Everyone should take care of all their own people. Most important, they should take care of their own family. If they do not do that, then they do not accept what we believe. They are worse than someone who does not even believe in God.
9To be added to your list of widows, a woman must be 60 years old or older. She must have been faithful to her husband. 10She must be known for the good she has done: raising children, welcoming travelers into her home, serving the needs of God’s people, helping those in trouble, and using her life to do all kinds of good.
11But don’t put younger widows on that list. When their strong physical needs pull them away from their commitment to Christ, they will want to marry again. 12Then they will be guilty of not doing what they first promised to do. 13Also, these younger widows begin to waste their time going from house to house. They also begin to gossip and try to run other people’s lives. They say things they should not say. 14So I want the younger widows to marry, have children, and take care of their homes. If they do this, our enemy will not have any reason to criticize them. 15But some of the younger widows have already turned away to follow Satan.
16If any woman who is a believer has widows in her family, she should take care of them herself. Then the church will not have that burden and will be able to care for the widows who have no one else to help them.

More About Elders and Other Matters

17The elders who lead the church in a good way should receive double honor —in particular, those who do the work of counseling and teaching. 18As the Scriptures say, “When a work animal is being used to separate grain, don’t keep it from eating the grain.” And the Scriptures also say, “A worker should be given his pay.”
19Don’t listen to someone who accuses an elder. You should listen to them only if there are two or three others who can say what the elder did wrong. 20Tell those who sin that they are wrong. Do this in front of the whole church so that the others will have a warning.
21Before God and Jesus Christ and the chosen angels, I tell you to make these judgments without any prejudice. Treat every person the same.
22Think carefully before you lay your hands on anyone to make him an elder. Don’t share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure.
23Timothy, stop drinking only water, and drink a little wine. This will help your stomach, and you will not be sick so often.
24The sins of some people are easy to see. Their sins show that they will be judged. But the sins of some others are seen only later. 25It is the same with the good things people do. Some are easy to see. But even if they are not obvious now, none of them will stay hidden forever.
6Chapter

Special Instructions for Slaves

1All those who are slaves should show full respect to their masters. Then God’s name and our teaching will not be criticized. 2Some slaves have masters who are believers, so they are brothers. Does this mean they should show their masters any less respect? No, they should serve them even better, because they are helping believers, people they should love. This is what you must teach and tell everyone to do.

False Teaching and True Riches

3Some people will teach what is false and will not agree with the true teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ. They will not accept the teaching that produces a life of devotion to God. 4They are proud of what they know, but they understand nothing. They are sick with a love for arguing and fighting about words. And that brings jealousy, quarrels, insults, and evil mistrust. 5They are always making trouble, because they are people whose thinking has been confused. They have lost their understanding of the truth. They think that devotion to God is a way to get rich.
6Devotion to God is, in fact, a way for people to be very rich, but only if it makes them satisfied with what they have. 7When we came into the world, we brought nothing. And when we die, we can take nothing out. 8So, if we have food and clothes, we will be satisfied with that. 9People who want to be rich bring temptations to themselves. They are caught in a trap. They begin to want many foolish things that will hurt them. These things ruin and destroy people. 10The love of money causes all kinds of evil. Some people have turned away from what we believe because they want to get more and more money. But they have caused themselves a lot of pain and sorrow.

Some Things to Remember

11But you belong to God. So you should stay away from all those things. Always try to do what is right, to be devoted to God, and to have faith, love, patience, and gentleness. 12We have to fight to keep our faith. Try as hard as you can to win that fight. Take hold of eternal life. It is the life you were chosen to have when you confessed your faith in Jesus—that wonderful truth that you spoke so openly and that so many people heard. 13Before God and Christ Jesus I give you a command. Jesus is the one who confessed that same wonderful truth when he stood before Pontius Pilate. And God is the one who gives life to everything. Now I tell you this: 14Do what you were commanded to do without fault or blame until the time when our Lord Jesus Christ comes again. 15God will make that happen at the right time. God is the blessed and only Ruler. He is the King of all kings and the Lord of all lords. 16God is the only one who never dies. He lives in light so bright that people cannot go near it. No one has ever seen him; no one is able to see him. All honor and power belong to him forever. Amen.
17Give this command to those who are rich with the things of this world. Tell them not to be proud. Tell them to hope in God, not their money. Money cannot be trusted, but God takes care of us richly. He gives us everything to enjoy. 18Tell those who are rich to do good—to be rich in good works. And tell them they should be happy to give and ready to share. 19By doing this, they will be saving up a treasure for themselves. And that treasure will be a strong foundation on which their future life will be built. They will be able to have the life that is true life.
20Timothy, God has trusted you with many things. Keep these things safe. Stay away from people who talk about useless things that are not from God and who argue against you with a “knowledge” that is not knowledge at all. 21Some people who claim to have that “knowledge” have gone completely away from what we believe. God’s grace be with you all.
Study
Chapter 4
ESV

Identifying the False Teaching. After his triumphant celebration of the advance of the gospel (3:16), Paul returns to the current challenge of false teaching (cf. ch. 1).

ESV

The means by which the Spirit … says is not made clear. It may have been something the Holy Spirit revealed directly to Paul (cf. Acts 20:29–30) or a prophecy that came through others. expressly. Explicitly, clearly. The later times (Gk. hysterois kairois) in view here clearly include Timothy’s day (see the similar phrase in 2 Tim. 3:1). As is typical in the NT, “later times” refers to the time that began with the outpouring of the Spirit after the work of Christ. Those who hold to the false teaching depart from the faith, which shows that this teaching is outside the bounds of true Christianity. Furthermore, the source of the error is demonic, for these teachers follow deceitful spirits. The false teaching and resultant apostasy are no surprise. God said this would happen, so his church should not panic but should carry on in faithfulness (see 2 Tim. 2:17–19).

ESV

The consciences of the false teachers have been seared (that is, desensitized and rendered ineffective) by their rebellion against the gospel. Cf. “good conscience,” 1:5.

ESV

Paul reveals some of the content of the false teaching, though he does not explain the overall view that led to these prohibitions. Questions of propriety in regard to foods and marriage were significant issues elsewhere in Paul’s letters (see Romans 14; 1 Cor. 7:25–35; 8:1–10:33; Col. 2:16–23). The false teaching seems to gauge holiness by what is denied or given up. In response, Paul affirms the goodness of everything created by God and the propriety of enjoying it as a gift from him (cf. Eccles. 9:7–9). Made holy translates Greek hagiazō (“sanctify, make holy, consecrate”). Ordinary food should be considered “made holy” by God, and Christians have the privilege of eating such “holy” food every day. The word of God is probably a reference to Gen. 1:12, 21, 25, 31 (“God saw that it was good”).

ESV

How Timothy Should Be Shaped by the Gospel. Both paragraphs in this section (vv. 6–10 and 11–16) open with a call for Timothy to speak certain truths to the congregation. The focus is on how Timothy, by his teaching and lifestyle, can help the church persevere in the face of the false teaching.

ESV

The referent of these things, here and in v. 11, is debated. It refers each time at least to the preceding paragraph, and it may refer more broadly to the entire letter. See also 3:14; 4:15; 5:7; 6:2b.

CSB

This command is another rejection of myth by Paul, demonstrating his commitment to Christianity’s factual, historical foundations.

CSB

Paul did not dispute the significant medical benefits of physical exercise. “Limited” means “for a little while” (the benefits of exercise are only temporary). Spiritual training that produces godly character is more important since its results endure throughout the present life and in the life to come.

ESV

The saying probably refers specifically to the “value” of “godliness” (v. 8).

CSB

Some claim this verse conflicts with other scriptural passages by teaching universalism (all individuals will be saved). However, “all people” refers to both Jews and Gentiles (all kinds of people rather than every single individual). The word “especially” could be translated “namely.” “All people” equals every believer regardless of ethnic background.

ESV

to this end. The goal of Paul’s labors is that people attain “godliness” (v. 8) and its eternal “value.” Toil and strive is typical of Paul’s description of gospel ministry (cf. 5:17; Rom. 16:6, 12; 1 Cor. 15:10; 16:16; Gal. 4:11; Eph. 4:28). The statement that God is the Savior of all people, especially of those who believe could seem to teach universalism, that every person will eventually go to heaven. However, the rest of Scripture clearly denies this idea (see note on 1 Tim. 2:4). There are several other possible explanations for this phrase: (1) It means that Christ died for all people, but only those who believe in him are saved. (2) It means he is offered to all people, though not all receive him. (3) It means “the Savior of all people, namely, those who believe” (a different translation of Gk. malista, based on extrabiblical examples). (4) It means “the helper of all people,” taking Greek Sōtēr, “Savior,” to refer not to forgiveness of sins but to God’s common grace by which God helps and protects people in need. (5) It means “the Savior of all kinds of people, not Jews only but both Jews and Greeks.” In any case, the emphasis is on God’s care for the unsaved world, and in the flow of the letter Paul is stressing once more (cf. 2:3–5) that God’s will that people would be saved is the basis of the universal mission (cf. Matt. 28:19–20). On God as “Savior,” see note on 2 Tim. 1:8–10.

ESV

these things. See note on v. 6.

ESV

your youth. From an analysis of other uses of this word (Gk. neotēs) and the chronology of Timothy’s life to this point (starting in Acts 16:1), commentators estimate Timothy’s age to be somewhere from his late 20s to mid-30s, with most favoring the mid-30s.

ESV

public reading. See Acts 13:15; 2 Cor. 3:14; and note on Col. 4:16.

ESV

Gift probably refers to something related to Timothy’s calling to and gifting for ministry, as indicated by God (by prophecy) and recognized by the church when the council of elders laid their hands on you, though the exact gift that Timothy received is not specified. Cf. note on 2 Tim. 1:6.

ESV

These things that Timothy is to practice and immerse himself in are the things commanded in vv. 12–13, encompassing his behavior and teaching (cf. “yourself and … the teaching,” v. 16).

ESV

Timothy’s perseverance in sound doctrine and practice will save him, i.e., it will lead him to persevere in the faith, confirming his salvation. This type of ministry will be effective in preserving his hearers as well.